3ie 

E26 





Class. 
Book 



COPYRIGHT DEPOSIT 




i 



HOWARDS' 



GDIDE TO EAST FIOWDA, 

-BY- 
JOHN L. EDWARDS, 

JACKSONVILLE, FLA. 



JACKSONVILLE, FLA.: 

ASHMEAD BROS., PRINTERS, BINDERS AND STATIONERS. 

IS8I. 



m 



W, A, STILES, 

51 WEST BAY STREET, JACKSONVILLE, FLA. 



And Manufacturer of 



Florida Curiosities, 

*®"ORDERS FROM ALL PARTS OF THE-=®a 
4^COUNTRY PROMPTLY ATTENDED T0-®81 



WATCH REPAIRING. 



Wholesale and Retail Dealers In 

Books, STATIONERY 

TOYS AND FANCY ARTICLES, ALL 
KINDS, AT THE LOWEST PEICES. 

We Solicit Country Merchants to Call. They can buy 
from us as cheap as at the North. 

NE^VSDEAILERS: 

— ALSO — 

PEffllNG, B* ail SDliG, 

AT THE LOWEST PRICES. 

BLANK BOOKS OF ALL KINDS MANUFACTURED 
TO ORDER. Orders by Mail promptly attended to. 



A Very Superior Quality. Best in the Market. 

MANILLA TISSUE (all full count, 480 sheets to ream.) 
10x10, per ream, 14c.; 11x11, per ream, 17c.; 12x12, per 
ream, 2^c.; 11x15, per ream, 25c.; 24x36, per ream, $1.35. 

WHITE ORANGE PAPER, (all full count, 480 shee 
to ream,) 10x10, per ream, 25c.; 11x11, per ream, 30c. Spe- 
cial prices in large quantities. 
EVERY ORANGE GROWER SHOULD HAVE ONE 

A treatise on the Injurious and Beneficial Insects 
lound on the Orange Trees of Florida, with four original 
photo-lithographic plates, numerous figures, and twen- 
ty-three wood cuts, illustrating the diflTerent insects 
treated of.has just been published by Wm.H.Asbmead. 
Every orange grower should have one. Mailed to any 
address, postage free, upon receipt of price, §1 50. 

Address ASHMEAD BROS., 

21 West Bay Street, Jacksonville, Florida. 



;^ i 



EDWARDS' 

Guideto East Florida. 



HISTORICAL, 

GEOGRAPHICAL, 

DESCRIPTIVE, 

CLIMATIC, &C. 



Jacksonville, Fla. 



JOHN L. EDWARDS. 



/42/ n. 



ENTERKD ACCORDING TO ACT OF CONGRESS, IN THE YEAR 

1881, BY JOHN L. EDWARDS, IN THE OFFICE OF THE 

J^IBRARIAN OF CONGRESS AT WXSniNGTON. 



ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. 



TO CORNELIi^, 



Why, though a thousand miles away, 
May not one's heart to loved ones stray. 
And out of lite's jjloomiest, cloudiest day 
Make all seem sunshine, happy and gay. 



One's heart may so stray, be happy and gay 
In thinking of loved ones far away ! 
But that gloomiest day into sunshine may 
Be so easily turned, I say nay. 



for per-force I've tried it and oft have found, 
(Thougji one may travel the world around,) 
The heart so plagued, such a loss will feel 
As keenly as though "twere pierced with steel. 



Yet, after all, (and of this I'm sure,) 
Tho' poverty's window's love's open door. 
Love, when true, will struggle and sigh 
And refuse the flight, so love yott and T. 



Then, as we're but mortal, as mortals let's live. 
And loving as mortals to each other give 
What will make our short s< ay here as happy and gay, 
As fresh and as blooming as flowers of May. 



,^ 



INDEX TO ADVERTISEMENTS. 



JACKSC 

Architects. 

Ellis & McClure, Page 12. 

Auctoneer & Dealer in Carriages 

Dzialynski, M. A., 70 

Banks. 

Ambler, D. G., .58 

First National Bank 63 

Boats. 

Jones, Peter 82 

Boot and Shoe Maker. 

Jacqmain, A 82 

Books, Stationery, Etc. 
Ashmead Bros., 2cl pg cover 

Cigars. 
Fritot, H. M 20 

Curiosities, Etc. 

Beach, J. S 22 

Fridenberg, H. P 76 

Gumbinger, J 60 

Mackey, J.I 64 

Stephens, L. 1 34 

Stiles, W A 1st pg cover 

Greenleaf, D 4th pg cover 

Dentist. 

Dancy, W. McL 102 

Druggists. 

Hughes .56 

Tucker *fc lison 134 



Dry Goods. 

RitzewoUer, S 7 

Florist. 

Puetz, Arnold 28 

Grocers and Confectioners. 

Rivas & Koopman 68 

Jacobs, L 78 

Hardware, Stoves, Etc. 

Garrett & Barnes 14 



NVILLP]. 

Hotels. 

Carleton 84 

St. James 42 & 54 

Windsor 48 

House Furnishing. 

Driggs, JonnS 72 

Lawyers. 

Bisbee, H(n-atio, Jr., i 

Jenkins, Horatio, Jr.... [ 130 

Robinson, C. L 

Liquors. 

l^Iarkens, Geo. W 62 

Livery Stable. 

McMurray & Britain 11 

Lumber. 

Wallace & Cashen 44 

Lager Bier Saloon. 

Bohlen, J. C.H 80 

Machine Shops. 

Murphy, T 134 

Music. 

Campbell, A. B 12S 

Newspapers. 

Florida Union 136 

Orange Dealers. 

Wamboldt, N. C 102 

Paints, Oils, Etc. 

Weiskopf, F 74 

Physicians. 

Huau I 

Kenworthy 130 

Niles I 

LaRoche 30 

Stout, HR 142 

Photographs. 

Swift,(i.W 18 

Plumber, 
Clarke, William 21 



lY 



JACKSONVILLE. 

Railroads, 

Sav'h Fla. & Western G6 

Real Estate, 

Coryell, 1 63 

Griffin «fe Walker 9 

Restaurants, 

Pettelini, Pereef Fils 46 

Taylor, t.ieo. W .' 50 

Shipping & Commis'n Merchant. 

McQuaid, P 26 

Saddlery. 
Frlcker, M. E 15 

Silks and Fancy Goods. 
Keene, O. L 38 



-Continued. 

'^'^ Sporting [Goods 
Buffiugton, E 17 



Pitman, W. C 116 

Steamships, 
Mallory'sLine...8d pg cover 
National Steamship Line 
for Europe 40 & 126 

Steamboats. 

Volusia 148 



Druggist. 

Alba, E. M 

Fruit Preserves 

Vails, S. B 

Hotels, 
Magnolia 



Tailor (French). ; 
Baratier, Jules 52 

Undertaker. 

Dye, J. Ramsey 32 

Sr. AUGUSTINE. 

St. Augustine 96 

.92 Orange Wine, 

Genovar, B 90 

Undertaker, 
Kernan, W. A 94 



PALATKA. 

Steamboats, 

Bouknight's Line 108 

Hart's Line 106 



Hotels, 

Larkin House 98 

St. Johns 104 

Taxidermist and Dealer in Cu- 
riosities, 
Fry, James^H 100 

SANFORD. 

Hotels. 1 Sanford Grant 

Sanlbrd House... 110 

City Hotel 114 

(Watch Hill House, R.L 112 

Livery Stable, 
Sawyer, Geo. E. 114 

Real Estale, 
Ingraham, J. E x42 ' 

KEY WEST.— Cigars. -Huau, J . A. 



..103-117 
Newspapers. 
South Florida Journal. ..120 

Hardware, Stoves. &c. 
Stafford & Ellis 118 



,142 



PUEFAC 



THE intention of the writer is to place ia the lumcis 
oi every stranger a reliable Guide to the chief 
places of interest in the State, without cost. 
The enterprise is supported by the business coiiniiu- 
nities of Jacksonville, Fernandina, St. Augustine, 
Palatka, Sanford, and other points on the St. Johns 
River, as a compliment to visitors, and as a return 
the publisher would bespeak in behalf of the houses 
advertised within the most liberal patronage. 

The reader ujay rest satisfied none b?it houses of the 
utmost, respectability are admitted in the work, and 
whilst it manifests itself as devoted principally to East 
Florida, no slight whatever is intended to an}" other 
portion of the State. 

It contains a clear, concise synopsis of the Ii istory 
of the State from its discovery up to the date of pub- 
lication ; gives a correct idea, geographical and de- 
scriptive, of the State as it is, shows its climatological 
advantages, its population, poliiical status, products, 
manufactures, exports, and n)&ny n;iscellaneous mat- 
ters. 

The author iias in preparation for publication a coir.- 
piete synoptical History of Florida, witli Guide, which 



VI 



will contain, additionally, a full reprint of the work of 
Dr. William Stork, written at St. Augustine in 1765, 
and afterwards published in London. It will be 
offered to the public, neatly bound, at a very moder- 
ate price. ' J. L. E. 



X 



S, RITZEWOLLER, 

(DRY GOODS JOBBER.) 

THE ONLY WHOLESALE DRY 
GOODS HOUSE IN THE STATE. 

A SPECIALTY. 

ALSO 

if/ 



^ m^Mu 

At Manufacturers' Prices. 

S. fflEWOLLER'S 

RKTAir- 

(The Largest Stock in tlie State.) 

411 ®tt-i»til, 

/J l/F^si Bmj Sir mi. 



DKDK'ATION- 



This work is lmi.'r)]y dedicated to the me-r.ory of 
one, who. if not the greatest of :i\en, made the great- 
est of discoveries known in modern history, that is Se- 
bastian Cabot, of Bristol, England, who, under the 
commission of Henry the Seventh, discovered Florida — 
the continent of Nortli America— in the year A. D. 
4497. Though nationally neglected, yet is there such a 
force in optTalion that if the reader desires to see his 
monument he need but look about hini, on ever}'' side 
it majestically stands, out-tov/ering Gizeh and all the 
labored costly colunsns of Europe. li is the Grand 
Republic of ir^ree America. 

The Author. 



TO THI^ PIRATE, 

("iirsed be he who steals my work ; 
He's worse tlian aisy h(?;!ihen Turk : 
He ne'er shall thrive while he s alive, 
Nor shall he die in peace : 
Nor after death shall he lUid place 
Where welcome shall be shown his face. 



©iiiiiiawiisiip 

88 West Bay street, (Up Siairg,) 
JACKSONVILLE, FLA. 

REAL ESTATE AGENTS 

AND LANDS SUITABLE FOR ALL PURPOSES, (.:0N- 

STANTLY OFFERED IN DESIiJABLE 

LOCALITIES IN DIFFERENT 

PARTS OF Till-: STATE, 

We are always ready and willing to 
show Lands to intending pur- 
chasers, free of Expense, 



''^"Special information can be had by personal ap- 
plication or correspondence. 



HOW IT HAPPENED. 



The battle of Bosworth Field, in 1485, brought 
aliout that European politics which played a much 
more important part in the affairs of this country tlian 
it is hoped will evei again occur. The Earl of Kich- 
mond, who was then in France, was induced b}' his 
friends to believe that the people of England were 
wearied of the tyranny of the ferocious Richard, and 
ready to hail any relief from his rule as a blessing. 
Richmond crossed the channel from Harfleur and 
landed at Milford Haven, in Wales, with but tv^^o 
thousand men. On landing, he was joined by many 
of the nobility who had been gained to his side by the 
unfortunate, "off with his head," Buckingham and 
had but little opposition until he met Richard in the 
bloody lists of Bosworth, The battle v/as desperately 
fought, bravely lost, and heroically won. Richard, 
though deserted on the field by his troops, under Lord 
Stanley, struggled for the mastery like a lion at bay, 
fearlessly hewed his way into the midst of his enemies, * 
sought personal combat with Richmond, killed Rich- 
mond's standard-bearer, pressed Stanle}^ for his life, 
hand to hand, and died every inch a king. "Nothing 
in his life became him like the leaving of it." The 
golden chaplet, torn from his brow by Stanley, served 
to crown Richmond, who was proclaimed Ilenry the 
Seventh. In this reign, 1485 to 1509, the "Yeomen 
of the Guard" were instituted, the "V/ars of the Roses" 
came to an end, and the continent of North Ameri- 
ca was discovered by Sebastian Cabot. 

Thus we see, the bloody field of Bosworth to be the 



il 

iimi! k BBimii 

T. McMDRRAY, GEO. M. BRITTAIN. 



Livery Stable, 

Cor. of Newnan and Forsyth Streets, opposite 
the St. Mark's Hotel. 

JACKSONVILLE, FLORIDA. 

The Finest Teams tk. City^i 

THE VERY LATEST STYLE 

Pleasure Carriages, 

OPEN AND CLOSE, 

TO LET WITH CAREFUL DRIVERS. 



HORSES, BUGGIES AND SADDLE HORSES, 
Furnished at the Shortest Notice. 

OMNIBUSES, PHAETONS & BAGGAGE WAG- 
ONS MEET ALL TRAINS & BOATS. 

•t^Special attention paid to orders left at the Stable 
for Passengers or Baggage, 



12 



indirect source wlience eventually sprang ilie opening 
up oi' the "new world." 



ilOi k IGLilES, 

R. N. ELLIS, A. E. McCLURE, 

Rao;n 3, West Bay Street, 
(Up StMh'8 in Bahlwiir.^ Bi(-ek.) 
% JxiOKSONYILLE, - FLORIDA. 



^M3 /^Ti81 



lllifi 



AND- 



p. O. BOX 784. 



UO^Y TO REACH FLORIDA. 



A great deal of gratuitous advice has been given 
upon tliis subject, but the practical points have not 
been touched. A well filled purse is the most essential 
of all needs. When possessed of one, the traveler 
will have no more difficulty in finding his way to 
Florida than if going from New York to Philadelphia. 
Baggage is "checked through" by all routes, "Sleep- 
ing cars" are run on all night trains, and dining rooms, 
such as they are, are located at convenient time points 
on all the lines. Travelers, when south of Washing- 
ton, D. C, and Portsmouth, Va., must expect to fare 
frugally, anything but daintily, and sometimes to pay 
more than is customary in the North, East or West, 
where meals are served in a polite and cleanly man- 
ner, the food being of the best character and without 
stint. There is but little difference in the time by the 
various routes to Jacksonville, the advantage being 
with the shortest line. 

To attempt any insinuation as to the ways of reach- 
ing Florida, would be simply nonsensical, and when 
such information is tendered, it should be looked upon 
with distrust, as in the interest of some particular line, 
or at least as a matter of supererogation. The interest 
of the State, however, and that of those who come 
here, demand a knowledge of the routes of communi- 
cation having facilities commending them to special 
patronage. Among the nmny steamship lines from 
Northern ports, the "Mallory Line," from New York 
to Jacksonville, direct, composed of new and splendid 
vessels, is wortliy of note. This line is very conven- 



14 



GARKETT & BAMNES 




CUXLEMT & COMUAGE 

Harness, Varnish, Oils, 

KEROSENE. 

Sash, Doors & Blinds, 

POWDER AND SHOT, 

Tinware, Tin Roofing 

AND JOB WORK. 

Specialties— MARVIN SAFES. Ready Mixed 
Paints. St. Louis White Lead. Dixie Plows Rem 
ington's Agricultural Implements. Red " C " Oil 
Adams & V/estlake's Oil Stove. Scult's Steel Barb 
Fence Wire. Cane Ferules. H^ Send for prices 



15 



lent, having uo changes, and making weekly runs all 
the year, contributes largely to the benefit of the State. 
There are elegant steamboats from Charleston and 
from Savannah that make regular trips to Florida dur- 
ing the winter season, and our railroad connections 
with Savannah and Fernandina are under going a magic 
change. The new^ route from Savannah via Way 
Cross, will shorten the distance to Jacksonville nearly 
one-half what it was via Live Oak, and the new line 
from Fernandina will cut down the length of road to 
a little over thirty miles, less than half the old distance. 
There will be more than a corresponding saving of 
time, as the roads will be new, have all the advantages 
of modern engineering and skill in their construction 
and material, and be clear of delays necessarily 
incident to running in connection with other lines. 

The rate of fare is greatly in favor of the steamship 
line, and by it includes meals, stateroom and atten- 
dance. The time by railroad is much the quickest. 
It is not advisable to purchase tickets to points in 
Florida beyond Jacksonville, as competition often 
reduces local rates. 



MANITFACTriiER OF AND DEALER IN 



Em M of HARNESS 

FOR LIGHT OR HEAVY USE. 

SADDLES i Ew I 

ON HAND OR MADE TO ORDER. 



16 

MALLORYS 

FLOEIDA STEAIHIP LlIE! 

The only Direct Line of Steamships 

BETWEEN 

JA€KSeHTIf.I.K 



SAILING FROM NEW YORK, PIER 20, EAST 
RIVER, EVERY FRIDAY, AT 3 P. M. SAIL- 
ING from JACKSONVILLE Every THURSDAY. 

Connections made at ^Ta<ote.g!.onville 
witli steamers for all points on the 8t. Johns Ockiavvaha 
arid Ind-u-in Rivers, and at Fernan«iinii. with the 
Tra.nsit; RallroadL for all Interior Foinis in 
Floriaa. 

The elegantsteamships TFestei'n Texs^s and 
C^ity of liiiilas are well known to the travelino- 
public as favorite passenger steamers, "^ 

This Liiie has no transfers to make betAveen Jackson- 
yilieand Is ew \ork, giving passengers and shippers of 
freight advantages which no other line can otter 
Through Bills of Lading and Passage Tickets issued toall 
points m Florida. For information apply to 

(J. H. MALLORY & CO., 
Pier 20, East River, New York. 
R. W. SOUTHWIUK, Agent, 

Fernandina, Fla. 

P. McQUAID, Agent, 

Jacksonville. Fla, 



HOTELS AND CHARGES. 



The best hotels in Florida are unquestionably found 
in Jacksonville, Green Cove, St. Augustine, Palatka, 
Sanford, and Fernandina. As to charges, nothing 
very definite can be said save that they are sul)]'ect to 
great variation, except in such houses as depend upon 
the character of their tables and the close attention 
given to the wants of their guests. Low^ prices are 
invariably accompanied with muddy coffee, flat bread, 
rank butter, tough beef, leather-crusted pies, uncom- 
fortable beds, inattention and uncleanliness. Hotel 
keeping is not an amusement. The managers look to 
the inyestir.euts and results as closely in Florida as 
elsewhere throughout the union, and it naturall}'' fol- 
lows that prices and accommodations are regulated on 
the bases of values. 



II« BMliiii^toii, 

r>EALER IN 

GUNS, RIFLES, PISTOLS, POWDER, SHOT, 
CAPS AND CARTRIDGES. 

BUFFINGTON'S PATENT GUN SHELL, 

BUFFINGTON'S PATENT GUN CAPPER. 

First-class Repair Shop for Fire Arms. Sign of the 

Golden Breech-Loading Gun, 

^1 ^W^est Bay Sti-eet, 

Jacksonville, Fla. 



18 



G, W, SWIFT, 
Photographic Artist, 

15 ¥/i;^T ^^y ^TH'£;^T, 

Fridenbcrg's Building, 

JACKSONVILLE, FLORIDA. 

■ — •♦ -^ — 

All 'Worl?: in tlie Picture 
Line Pini^lied in 

Modern Style, 

FROM CARTE DE VISTE TO LIFE SIZE. 



AND 



OIL PSINTINGS 

IN ALL FORMS AND SIZES. 



RIVER DISTANCES. 

The figures hitherto given to the public are necessa- 
rily based upon the zig-zag course taken by steamers 
that make landings on both sides en route for the St, 
Johns River. The old figures, with the correct direct 
distances from Jacksonville, according to the last gov- 
ernment survey, subjoined, is here given : 

DISTANCES ST. JOHNS EIVER. 
ORDINARY. I ACCORDINGTOU.S. SURVEY 

From Jacksonville 

Miles. 

To Mandarin 13^ 

Hibernia 18^/2 

Magnolia 22 

Green Cove Springs 24 

Picolata 30% 

Tocoi, (St. Johns R. 
R. for St.Augustine) 35% 

Federal, Point 42% 

Orange Mills 40 

Palatka 54}^ 

Welaka 75 

Beeche^ 70 

Little Lake George 

\Vharf 77 

Mount Royal 80 

Georgetown 82i<^ 

Volusia Ear 96 

Orange Bluff. IMU 

Hawkinsville 117% 

Blue Spring 124 ^/^ 

Ent. Lake Monroe 140^ 
Sanford 144 



From Jacksonville 

Miles. 

To Mandarin 15 

Hibernia 23 

Magnolia 28 

Green Cove Springs.. 30 

Picolata 44 

Tocoi 58 

Federal Point 58 

Orange Mills (53 

Palalka..... 75 

Welaka 100 

Beecher 101 



Mount Royal 113 

Georgetown 123 

Volusia 144 

Orange Blufl'. 147 

Hawkinsville 171 

Blue Spring 180 



Sanford i 204 | 

DISTANCKS ON THE OCLAWAHA RIVER. 

P^'roni mouth of river (opposite Welaka, on the St. 
Johns river, 100 miles from Jacksonville.) To Fort 
Brook, 35 miles; lola, 15 ; Eureka, 10; Sandy Bluff, 8 ; 
Palmetto Landing, 10 ; Gores, 5 ; Durisoe, 6 ; Graham, 5 ; 
Delk's Blulf, (5 ; Silver Spring, 9 ; Sharp's Ferry, 14 ; Moss 
Blulf, 20; Stark's Landing, 15 ; Lake Griffin, 5; Leesburg, 
10; Okahumkee, including all the lake landings, 75. 
Total distance, 254 miles. 



20 



V 



, M, FRITOT, 



(FACTOKY NO. 22.) 
No. 23 Newnan Street, 

Jacksonville, Flori(l:i. 

MANUFACTURER OF 



I 



ii@||ifsis|Jili,fi. 



Wholesale and Retail Dealer in. 



-AND— 



CORNEK BAY AND NEWNAN STS. 



HISTORICAL SKETCH. 



We cannot enter into the details of the History of 
Florida, nor can we satisfactorily pass over how it 
came to be known by that name, therefore, a very 
brief sketch may be considered allowable and sufficient. 

It is generally accepted that in the year A. D. 1497, 
Sebastian Cabot, a native of Bristol, England, while 
sailing under the English flag, in the reign of Henry 
the Seventh, discovered the continent of North Ameri- 
ca. It is additionally asserted that Cabot did not land, 
did not visit the coast anywhere south of Cape Hat- 
teras, nor examine the interior of the country. It 
would be contrary to the rule that liolds in ordinary af- 
fairs, however, to believe it reasonable that Cabot, having 
discovered this vast continent, should adopt a course 
so ruinous to his name as a navigator, and so likely to 
subject him to the displeasure of his Sovereign and the 
contumely of a people with whom discovery had be- 
come both a need and a fanaticism, as to return to the 
English Court barely enabled to report the existence of 
an immense body of land in a previously unknown 
situation. 

Unfortunately, the records of the Cabot expedition 
have been surreptitiously sold, stolen or destroyed, and 
the only light that can be obtained comes through care- 
ful comparison of the best and most unprejudiced 
authors. 

Charles Dickens says, in his sketch of the reign of 
Henry the Seventh: "It was in this reign that the 
' ' great Christopher Columbus, on behalf of Spain, dis- 
" covered what was then called the New World. 



22 

J. S. BEACH, 
28 Laura Sireel^ near ^Bay^ 

JACKSONVILLE, FLA. 

^AflUpACTUF^ER Op AND JeALEF^ IN 



OF 



111 Wiil! 



THE TIRADE SXTI»r»LIEr>. 

— ALSO — 



' mrtam L^mrtoBumB 






23 

' ' Great wonder, interest, and hope of wealth being 
" awalieued in England thereby, the King and the 
' ' merchants of London and Bristol fitted out an Eng- 
* ' lish expedition for further discoveries in the New 
"World, and entrusted it to Sebastian Cabot, of Bris- 
" tol, the son of a Venetian pilot there. He was very 
' ' successful in his voyage and gained high reputation, 
" both for himself and England," 

This passage occurs in "Observations on The Flori- 
das," by Charles Vignoles, published in New York in 
1823. ' 

' ' Florida was discovered in the year 1497, by Cabot, 
" but it does not appear that the country was either 
"named or explored until 15 years afterwards, when 
" Ponce de Leon lauded in April, 1512." 

Manuder says — " The discovery of the North con- 
* ' tinent of America belongs to the family of the Cabots, 
"Venetian by birth, but who were residing in Bristol. 
"The father and three sons set out in the year 1497, 
*' stimulated by the fame of Columbus, and under the 
"patronage of Henry the Seventh, of England. They 
"discovered several islands and coasted the whole of 
*'the mainland of the northern continent down to the 
"Floridas." And again. "Florida was discovered 
" by Sebastian Cabot, sailing under the English flag, 
*'in 1497, but he did not laud to examine the interior 
* ' of the country. Ponce de Leon, a Spanish adven- 
"turer from Hispaniola, to some extent, explored the 
" country in 1512, and a second time in 1516." This 
last date, 1516, must be a mistake, as the second land- 
ing of De Leon in Florida was in 1521. 

This leads, in few words, to the conclusion that dur- 
ing his voyage of 1497, Cabot discovered this continent; 
that he sailed southward " down to the Floridas ;" that 
he discovered Florida, but did not examine the inte- 
rior of the country. This latter sentence is a broad 
way for inference, wherein may be driven every man- 
ner of opinion. It is but an avenue of escape, such 



0) A- 1 111 1 
fractical plumber, 



BJLTH TUBS, 

CLOSETS, 
AND WASH STANDS. 

Iron and Lead PIPE, 

RUBBER HOSE, AND 

PUMPS OF ALL KINDS. 

56 West Bay Street, 

JACKSONVILLE, FLA. 



25 



as is never neglected in good generalship, yet rarely, as 
here, so flimsil}^ covered as to exhibit foreseen desertion 
of the cause. The weakness is readily detected, and the 
wonder is why it has not been exposed before, its fabric 
stricken in the dnst and stamped out by lionest judg- 
ment. In this broad way we may venture, with all 
the force of reason, that Cabot sailed ' ' down to the 
Floridas," landed in Florida, and took possession in 
behalf of England. Then, having no aim at conquest, 
happy in astonishment at his own success in the gran- 
deur and vast extent of his discovery, and eager to 
relieve the anxieties of his friends, the merchants of 
Bristol and others, who provided the expedition, he re- 
turned to England as speedily as possible, justly emu- 
lous of Columbus' fame, and to claim the honors so 
nobly earned. 

I cannot find an assertion of authority, backed by 
any effort in its support, that Ponce de Leon discovered 
Florida, but somebody, at some time, has said, on such 
a day. Ponce de Leon discovered Florida. Writers of 
excellent repute, perhaps deeming the question frivol- 
ous, have followed in the wake, probably finding a jus- 
tification in the fact that it is much easier and far more * 
pleasing to saunter through the paths of gorgeous fal- 
lacy than to struggle with ditficulty and deception, and 
in return for the^ask have to dissipate a long cherished 
very pretty story. 

All v.Titers on the history of Florida, to whom I have 
had access, (with one exception, which I give below,) 
concede that Ponce de Leon, on Palm Sunday, March 
27th, 1512, obtained his first view of Florida, and on 
the 2d day of April following, landed at a point very 
near St. Augustine, and having planted a wooden cross, 
with the usual formalities, took possession of the coun- 
try in the name of his master, Charles the Fifth, of 
Spain, 

Brinton, in a little ^Guide to Florida, published by 
him in 1869, disputes the date. He says— ''The 



2G 



-t^ and ^O West Bay Stx*eet, 

JACKSONVILLE, FLA., 



AND 

MllSilOI MliOMIf 



AND WHOLESALE DEALER IN 



jCjmasm, hay. 



HOMINY and MEAL. 

PROMPT ATTENTION TO BUSINESS. 
_ o 



^" Agent for Malloiy's Florida Steamship Line, 
and Steamer "Arrow," 



27 



* ' country received its pretty and appropriate name, 
"Terra Florida, the Flowery Land, from Juan Ponce 
" de Leon, who also has the credit of being its dis- 
" coverer." (Mark this — " has the credit of being its 
discoverer.") " He first saw its shores on Easter Sun- 
"day, March 27th, 1513, not 1512, as all the text 
" books have it, as on that year. Easter Sunday came 
"on April 20th." 

Peter Martyr says — "Cabot sailed so far towards 
' ' the West that he had the Island of Cuba on his left 
" hand in the same degree of longitude."— Ilakluyt. 

The Island of Cuba extends from nearly the 74th to 
the 85th degree of longitude west from Greenwich. 
The center of this distance is 79 deg. 30 min. west 
from Greenwich, within a few minutes of the longi- 
tude of Cape Canaveral, from which point Florida 
still tends eastwardly. From these premises,t aking the 
medium of the island of Cuba, I hold, no one can 
logicall}'^ question my right to assume that when Cabot 
' ' had tiie island of Cuba on his left hand in the same 
degree of longitude," he was off Cape Canaveral, or, 
perhaps, a few miles south of it. And again, I claim 
there is gross error in the assumption that De Leon 
discovered Florida in 1512, as no authority disputes 
that Cabot discovered the whole continent in 1497, 
which was tifteen years previous to DeLeon's chancing 
to land near what is now St. Augustine. 

The honesty of the claim in favor of De Leon about 
equals the reports, concerning the country, attributed 
to him, and other adventures, as made to the Spanish 
authorities, and, when fairly examined, it must stand 
or fall by the comparison. 

The Spanish claims and refutations are void of in- 
formation, the national and religious bigotry of the 
proud and unlettered Castilian was not likely,^ at that 
time, to allow anything to exist to show the achieve- 
ment of a great act unless it were traceable to a Span- 
ish source. The disappearance of many of the papers 



28 




OFTHF.FINEST 

FLOWERS. 






Itfti^teal Hi iiffli-f t®f till 



RUIT PLANTS 

lowering Plants, Bulbs and Roots. 

or Prices see my List, mailed free to applicants. 
ARNOLD PUETZ, Jacksonville, Fla. 

lorist Store and Office, 26 Hogan St. 



•><l 



of the Cabot expedition (including all known to be 
extant) in the reign of Elizabeth, and the belief preva- 
lent at this day in well informed circles in England, 
that thc> were obtained from a n^ember of her Cabinet, 
by the Spanish Ambassador, by bribery. The papa! 
mfluences afforded Spain, and the unscrupulous char- 
acter of her rulers when any cherished motive was in- 
volved, added to the reasons already adduced, point in 
but one du-ection, and that, such as led to the cold- 
blooded massacre of the Huguenots in Florida, simply 
because Spain held the power and deemed these things 
necessary to advance Spanish supremacy. 

From all these and many other considerations of a 
kindred character, I am forced to the opinion and full 
l)elief that Cabot did discover, land in, and take pos- 
sion of Florida—then unknown and unnamecWAnd 
we who now inhabit the place can well afford mii the 
mythical meed of honor of its prin.e discovery. 
_ Other Spanish adventurers followed De Leon, being 
like unto him, largely unsuccessful. Diego Miruelo, 
in 1516, sailed from Cuba to Florida, and made but a 
very brief visit. After him, came, in 1517, Fernandez 
^ de Cordova. He was attacked by the natives, some 
of his men killed, many wounded, Cordova being 
among ti)c latter. He ordered a return to Cuba, where 
he\died of his wounds. - De Gary, then Governor of 
Jamaica, sent out Anton de Alaminos, who soon re- 
turned, having barely escaped the misfortunes and 
hard fate of his predecessors. In the year 1520, Lucas 
Vasquez de Ayllon visit(^d Florida, (Chicora,) now 
South Carohna, and abducted a number of the natives 
.to vVork the mines of Hispaniola. For this he paid 
^_dearly, however, as one vessel was lost with all on 
^tard, and the Indians on the other lived but a very 
l^ort tune ; they pined and died of grief. Ue Leon, 
^n 1521, made another effort to possess Florida, but 
thejiatives attacked aiid slew many of his men, drove 
the others to their ships, De Leon was wounded, the 
expedition failed, returned to Cuba, and De Leon 



30 



0, LaRoche,M,D, 

- AND — 

AWediemi Eleatrieimm 

SPECIAL ATTENTION GIVEN TO 

Diseases e[ lie Boiies aiil Blool, 

Female Complaints . and 
Chronic Diseases, 

MAY EE CONSULTED BY LETTER. 

ADDiiESS JACKSONVILLE, FLA. P. O. 

Residence at Chaseville, St. Johns River, six miles 
below the city. 



31 



shortly after, died there. De Ayllon, being commis- 
sioned as Adelantado of Florida, with authority from 
Spain to conquer it, he returned to the coast of Chico- 
ra ; was kindly received by those whom he had so ter- 
ribly wronged but a short time before, until complete- 
ly in the toils, was then suddenly attacked by the 
Chicoras and his command almost annihilated. He 
must have perished in the slaughter, as he is no more 
heard of. The next was Paraphilo de Narvaez. He 
landed in April, 1528, on the west or gulf coast, near 
Tampa; marched through Florida with some three 
hundred men, in all the panoply and pomp of assured 
conquest, but the crafty Indians outwitted him, and 
but four of the command outlived the expedition and 
reached Mexico. Then followed DeSoto. He sailed 
from Cuba May 18th, 1539, and one week thereafter 
landed at Tampa Bay. He had the largest and best 
appointed force yet sent to Florida, but still all was a 
grand failure. Tristan de Luna, in 1559, with fifteen 
hundred soldiers and a few priests, were sent to con- 
quer and convert "poor Lo." He landed at what is 
now Pensacola. His was, like every previous effort, 
a sad failure, and he left for a more congenial clime. 
Spain, deeming the struggle hopeless, attempted noth- 
ing further until after the Huguenots, in 1562, under 
Jean Ribaut, undertook to colonize the country. They 
sailed from France in February of that year, and 
reached the coast of Florida in April. On May 1st, 
they crossed the St. Johns bar and named the sluggish 
stream within "La Riviere de Mai." Here they re- 
mained but a short time ; re-embarked and sailed to 
Port Royal, where they concluded to remain. Fort 
Charles was built, provisioned and left with twenty- 
five volunteers to defend it. Ribaut returned to France 
to encoarage emigration, but he found the nation 
convulsed with civil war and was obliged to leave the 
little colony to care for itself. After a few months, 
many having died, dissatisfaction wrought mutiny, the 
colony was broken up, and the few survivors returned 



32 




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III 



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— +;i O rjB ^ M 

" '^ - =^ o I 

, • CD . ^ F ~^ 

■B - S"-^ 

^ <D ■„ '•^i ::: . 



Hi^ AQ.-3 



33 



to France. Admiral Coligni, who was the soul of the 
Huguenot movement, and under whose auspices the 
Ribaut colon}' had settled on the Atlantic coast, was 
not discouraged. He fitted out another expedition, 
under Laudonniere, which leftFrance April 22d, 1564. 
Two months afterward they anchored in what they 
called the "River of Dolphins," and landed at the 
present St. Augustine. They remained but one day, 
sailed northward, entered the St. Johns, and located 
at St. Johns Bluff. Discontent soon became general, 
and preparations were in progress for a return, when 
Ribaut arrived with nearly seven hundred people, of 
every station in life, filled with ardent hopes of a per- 
manent settlement with untrammelled consciences. 
The King of Spain having learned of this movement, 
from the French Court, applied himself at once to the 
destruction of the colony. He despatched Meuendez 
on the first of July, 1565, from Cadiz to Florida, spe- 
cially for the purpose. The French entered the St. 
Johns. The Spaniards made St. Augustine at the same 
time. They soon became aware of each other's pres- 
ence and prepared to dispute the right of possession. 
Ribaut, with his forces, was wrecked, and in his help- 
lessness had to surrender to Menendez, expecting, as 
agreed upon, to be sent back to France. All but two 
hundred, who would not sui-reuder, were massacred in 
cold blood near St. Augustine, by order of Menendez. 
A very few, who declared themselves Roman Catho- 
lics, were spared and taken to St. Augustine. Thus 
came to an end the Frencli Huguenot colonization of 
Florida. The King of France, Charles the Ninth, 
paid no attention to the terrible affair, while the Spanish 
King highly complimented Menendez for his conduct. 
The Pope of Rome, afterwards, strongly endorsed the 
butchery in a letter to Menendez. (See Fairbanks' 
History.) Some time after the massacre, ]Menendez 
went to Spain, and while he was there, one Dominic 
de Gourgues, a native of Guienne, having a personal 
grievance against Spain, and perceiving that the French 



NEAR PINE, 

JACKSONVILLE, FLORIDA. 

" SJi of HOLBEI ALLME," 

DEALER IN 

Watches, CLOCKS, 

gr K lir E S. Hi TT . 

AND 

Florida Ouriosities, 

SUCH AS 

§ea Eeans and JilUgator "iV.Bth, 

CARVED AND MOUNTED IN EVERY VARIETY. 

Fi3atli6t Fans, Fisli SoaU J^exuelnj, 

NATIVE GRASSES, AND * 

^WAI^KING CAKKS 

OF ALL THE NATIVE WOODS. 

^ Fini3 %eAexi\m\ O-l Fl^riiia Ratals 

WATUII REPAIRING A SPECIALTY. 



35 



Governrjient sought no satisfaction, planned an expedi- 
tion ostensibl}^ for the coasi of Africa, for which he 
sailed on the 22dof August, 1567, and having touched 
there, stood away for Florida. He soon reache(ithe coast, 
passed the St. Johns and entered the harbor of Fernandi- 
na. Being joined here by the Indians, lie started with his 
allies for the attack of the Spanish forts at the mouth 
of the St. Johns, or, as the Spaniards called it, the 
San Mateo, where he soon arrived, and after a short 
struggle, a few gurglings of the stream of life, all be- 
came still, and DeGourgues was master of the situation. 
France was avenged and the Nemesi of the expedition 
returned to Rochelle, where he arrived on the 6th of 
June, 1568. No further notice was taken of Florida 
by France, as the promoters of the Huguenot move- 
ment shortly after fell in the massacre of St. Bartholo- 
mew, Coligni being the first victim, (August 24, 1572.) 
From this time, J'lorida remained a Spanish province 
Until ceded to England about the middle of the last 
century. The province was receded to Spain by the 
English a few years theieaft^r. and in her hands it 
was when turned over to the United States, July 10th, 
1821, in settlement of a claim held by this country 
against the Spanish Government for damages done to 
American commerce, amounting to five millions of 
dollars. 

A short time sufficed to satisfy our National Gov- 
ernment of the desirability of the removal of the In- 
dians from Florida. To this end, commissioners were 
sent among them and treaties to that purpose made. 
The ostensible acquiescence of the Indians proved to 
be but a feint to gain time for resistance, and when 
tfee United States, through its Agent, General Thomp- 
son, demanded compliance with the plain letter of the 
treaty, Osceola and some of his band, on the 28th of 
December, 1835, from ambush, fired upon and killed 
General Thompson and Lieutenant Smith, who was 
walking in company with him. On the same day, 
Major Dade, of the 4th U. S. Infantry, who was on 



H() 



" Immigrants' Aid. " 

imlMts fflfl LAID mm 



WILL FIND AT THE 




A Complete List and Description of Piivate Lands, 
(improved and unimproved,) Or'anj^-e Gri'oves, 
I»lantation8, «fee., FOR SALE, witli PKICE8 
and TERMS, in every County in Florida. 

ZrLspectiorL free to a.11- 

The Exchange is gotten up expressly to aid. Im- 
naijjT'a.iits in niaicing selections suited in price and 
location to their wants, leaving tlieni time and expense 
traveling- over the State— t*. gviicle to tiie »tx'ii.ii- 
g^er, >vli.e>i*e i'olial>le iiifoi^matioix can 
be depended upon, and piirties sent to Agents wlio will 
guide them to the Lands— PRIVATE, STATE, or UNI- 
TED STATES, 

Call on or address 1= OOH YE;LL, 

Room 1, Hazeltine Block, or L^^ck Box 8t)3, 
Jacksonville, Fla. 

I refer to— • 

Hon. George F. Drew. ex-Governor of the State. 
Hon. Wm. D. i.loxham, present Governor of the State. 
Hon. Jolin F, Rollins, Receiver U. S. L. O., Gainesville. 
Hon. S. U. Hammond, Fort Gates, Putnam County, 
Hon. F, L. Dancy, ex-Surveyor General, Orange Mills, 

Putnam Co. 
Capt. David Hughes, Bartow, Polk County, and County 
Clerks in every county. 



37 



the march from Tampa lor Fort King, with over one 
hundred well armed and equipped regulars, was sud- 
denly attacked and the whole body destroyed. One 
man" escaped and reported the terrible loss. (Their 
remains lie buried at St. Augustine.) This opened 
the war, which lasted until the 14tli of August, 1842, 
and resulted in a loss to the government of nearly 1,500 
men and twenty-five millions of dollars. 

Florida was a territory from July 10th 1821, until 
her admission to the union as a State, March 3d, 1845. 
General Andrew Jackson was the first Territorial Gov- 
ernor. The State seceded from the Union in 1861, 
The result of the war is known of all men, slavery 
was abolished and no one now desires its revival. 
From 1868 to 1876, the Administration was Republi- 
can. In the latter year it became Democratic and so 
remains now. Thrift is apparent ou every hand 
throughout the length and breadth of her domain, and 
with immigration of the proper character, a bright 
future is in prospect for her people. 

Some doubts appear to exist as to who was the first 
Territorial Governor of Florida, some persons holding 
it was General Andrew Jackson, whilst others claim 
the distinction for Governor Duval. I opine both sides 
are, in a measure, correct. I find the following lan- 
guage in Fairbanks' History. (This book I believe to 
be the best of modern productions, as a history of 
Florida.) "Upon the change of flags, tlie civil ad- 
ministration of affairs devolved upon the military au- 
thorities until the passage of an act of Congress, on 
the 3d of March, 1822, for the establishinent of a ter- 
ritorial government in Florida. " —Page 269. And on 
page 270 — "The first Governor appointed was William 
P. Duval, of Kentucky." 

The Territory of Florida, therefore, had a Military 
Governor from the change of flags at St. Augustine, 
July 10th, 1821, until the 3d of March, 1822, when 
the military power gave way to civil authority. From 
these premises, it is clearly conclusive that General 



0. L KEENE, 

67m STB A r STSEET, 

(CORNER OF LAURA,) 
JACKSOIVVILLE, FLA. 

Nf O T I O W/S. 

— A FINK LINE OF — 

— ALWAYS IN STOCK. — 
I»x'omi3t attention Given to Order's 

PO.ST OFFICE ADDRESS— BOX 5;}8. 



AND 



39 



Andrew Jackson was the first Territorial Military- 
Governor, and William P. Duval was the first Civil 
Governor of the Territory of Florida. 

The Legislature of the State passed an act at their 
session of 1879, entitled — 

"An Act to establish a Bureau of Immigration for 
the State of Florida, and to promote the rapid settle- 
ment of the State lands." This bureau, through its 
Commissioner of Lands and Immigration, in the year 
of its creation, published a pamphlet upon Florida, its 
Climate, Soil and Productions, in wliich, under the 
head of "Historical and GeogTaphical," we are told — 
"Florida was discovered in 1497, by Captain Cabot, 
who sailed under the English flag." (In this, the 
writer is correct, except as to which of the Cabots the 
rank of "Captain" applies to. By substituting the 
name Sebastian for the word Captain, it will read 
properly.) This publication has been criticised with- 
out stint by the best authorities, and, as a result, the sec- 
ond edition, 1880, is out in a very much modified form 
As a sample of its metamorphosis, imder tne same 
head as above, we find this statement — ' 'Florida was 
discovered in 1512 b}^ Ponce de Leon." These two 
assertions are made without any attempt at si lo wing a 
foundation for either, and, although from the same 
source, are allowed to contradict each other withou) 
qualification . It is one of those State conundrums, given 
for the amusement of the people — the reason why — 
"no fellow will ever find out, you know." Although 
a State product, it will be best classed as a Florida 
curiosity. 

It is the merest folly to say that Ponce de Leon dis- 
covered Florida, and I trust the department will cor- 
rect the error in the next issue of its pamphlet, or fur- 
nish such authority as will settle the question satisfac- 
torily. Vekitas vinces. 



40 



AND THE BEST 



CABIN Anmaaiiis SECDID 

BY THE 

NATIONAL LINE OF STEAMSHIPS 

FROM NEW YORK TO LIVERPOOL 

AND LONDON DIRECrP. 

For particulars, apply personally, or by letter, to 

F. W. J. HURST, General Managei', New York. 
JOHN L. EDWARDS, Agent for Florida, Jacksonville. 

TPIE FRENC^H LINE FROM NEW YORK to HAVRE 

ALSO REPRESENTED, 
' Send for Rates of Fare, &c. 

JOHN L, EDWARDS, Jacksonville, Fla, 



JOHN L. EDA^^AARDS, 

JACKSONVILLE, FLA.-., 

MOTAMIT PUBLIC 

FOR THE STATE AT LARGE, 

ANB PUBLISHER OF 

EDWARD'S GUIDE TO EAST FLORIDA. 



SAWS'' SHARPENED. 



KY JOHn Li EDWARDS. 



"A miss is as good as a inilg '' 
To pl'otect a rnan 'gainst a Miss's ginilo; 
But if a iDan that smile don't miss, 
He's very apt tliat Miss to kisss 

" As the old cock crows, the young cock learns." 
Cock-a-doodle-do, 
He that a penny saves, a penny earns. 

" A cat may look at a King," ' 
For which slie may get kicked, poor thihg. 

•'Better late than never," "Better bend than break.'' 
Better far, be never late, and power's friendship niakca 

" Be it for better, or be it for worse," 
.Simply tnakes a maid a nurse. 

'• Birth is muchj but breeding's more." 
'Tis like the knocker to the door . 
That shows without^ how all within 
is kept in order, neat and trim* 

" Give the Devil his due," "Give a dog a bad name.'' 
The first will get he Avho seeks after fame, 
While in case like the dog's, a bad name's an evil- 
May drive the most earnest right straight to the D-vih 

Of all the saws that ever I saw saw, I never saw a saw' 
saw equal to the Adage "saw/' 



42 









S 



S 







GEOGRAPHICAL AND DESCRIPTIVE. 



The State of Florida, from about five degrees north 
of Cape Sable, down to that point, forms a distinct 
peninsula. It runs from the mainland of the United 
States somewhat east of south, and separates the wa- 
ters of the Atlantic Ocean from the Gulf of Mexico. 
It lies between 24 deg. 33 min. (Key West) and 30 
deg. 40 min. 18 sec. (Fernandina) north latitude, and 
extends from 80 deg. 10 min. (Jupiter Inlet) to 87 
deg. 18 min. 23 sec. (Pensacola) longitude west from 
Greenwich. The foregoing figures will be found sufli- 
ciently accurate for all practical purposes, even those 
of navigation. The northern boundary is very irreg- 
ular, and for some distance in the western part, runs 
nearly half a degree further north than at Fernandina. 
It is here manifest that the extreme width and the ex- 
treme length of the State are nearly equal. 

From Fernandina, the State tapers down to a point 
at Cape Sable, the average width being about 130 miles, 
audits extreme length about 400 miles. "Cornell's 
Geography" gives the total area as 59, 268 square miles. 
The population of the State, taken from the U. 8. 
Census of 1870, was 187,748, an increase over 18G0, of 
47,324. During the last decade, the advance in popu- 
lation has been very satisfactory to all ]3ersons inter- 
ested in our progress, and now shows in round num- 
bers, for 1880, no less than 206,566, of which 125,317 
are colored. This is an increase in the last ten years 
of 78,818. The next census, 1890, it is fair to predict, 
will show up for Florida with at least a full half million 
of happy people. (See article on Population.) 



44 

-WALLACK & CASHEN. 

Alexander Wallace. Thomas V. Cashen. 

LUMBER OF mil M 

PLANED AND SHAPED TO ORDER 

SAWED AND TDBffiD WOI 

OF EVERY PATTERN 

CONSTANTLY on HAND or MADE to ORDER. 

Oi'ciiig'o Hoxes a Specialty. 

Prompt attention to orders and satisfaction guaranteed. 

"Alligator Saw Mill," 

JACKSONVILLE, FLA. 



45 



The lower or southern portion of the State is said to 
be "crescent formed." There are many islands, from 
Ke}^ Biscay ne down and around CapevSable, that fur- 
nish protitable employment to a large number of peo- 
ple. Timber is plentiful, tropical fruits and plants are 
easily raised, the collection of sponge is followed ex- 
tensively and remuneratively, wrecking brings in a 
large revenue to the Conch population, who are con- 
sidered almost amphibious, while fishing and turtling 
are made profitable. (3n one of these islands, about 
sixty miles west from the mainland, is the city of Key 
West, in north latitude 24 deg. 33 min., longitude 81 
deg. 48 min. 1 sec. west from Greenwich. It is the 
county seat of Monroe county, which, with IManatee 
and Dade counties, (which bound it north and cast re- 
spectively,) has the largest area in the State, each hav- 
ing 5,000 square miles, being in the aggregate, one- 
fourth the total area of the State. The Everglades and 
the Big Cypress Swamp occupy a large portion of 
Monroe. A short distance, in the same latitude, still 
to the westward, lie the Dry Tortugas, embattled by 
Fort Jefferson, where Dr. Mudd. with others, were 
long imprisoned by the United States authorities for 
complicit}^ in the "Surratt Conspiracy," which resulted 
in the assassination of President Abraham Lincoln, on 
Good Friday, April 14, 1865, in the city of Washing- 
ton, D. C. The State is here bounded by the Strait of 
Florida, connecting the Gulf with the Atlantic, and 
through which passes the Gulf Stream, separating the 
United States from the Island of Cuba. The distance 
from Key West to Havana, port to port, is reckoned at 
90 miles. The proximity of the West Indies insures 
the future conmiercial prosperity of this extreme south- 
ern "Island City." The New Orleans and Havana 
line of steamers stop here regularly for freight and 
passengers. The Florida Reef, a coral formation, just 
north of the Tropic of Cancer, is peculiarly the divid- 
ing line of the waters. On its south face it is nearly 
perpendicular and the water almost unfathomable, 



4(5 



I 



BBTTBUNfrS 

at© f^aaeals 

— AND — 



li^4WSA; 



BAY STREET, (Next to Ambler's Bank,) 

JACKSONVILLK, FLORIDA. 

EVERY- 11EI.ICACV 

THE MARKET AFFORDS, A LA CARTE. 

CHA M PA G ME S 

OF ALL THE BEST BRANDS, 
AND THE FINEST AND OLDEST VINTAGE 



LIQUORS of every description. English Ales, 
Porters, and fine Havana and Domestic CIGARS. 

Connoisseurs are solicited to test, and v^^e can assure 
satisfaction. BETTELINI, Pere et Fils, 

Proprietors. 



47 



while on the inside, in tlie "ship cliannel," it averai^es 
not more than five fatlioms in deptli. The population 
of Key West, in 1870, (U. S. Census,) was 5,0iG. 
The stean;ers between this point and New Orleans stop 
at Cedar Keys only, passing on the way Chatham Bay, 
Cape Romano, Punta Rassa, the terminus of the Cuban 
American Telegraph Cable, Charlotte Harbor, Tampa 
Bay, leading to Manatee and Tampa, at the entrance 
to w^hich stands Egmont Key, which has a fine light- 
house ; latitude 27 deg. 36 miu., longitude 82 deg. 45 
min. It stands about 40 miles from Tampa and 7 
fro]n Manatee. A few miles nortli of this, is Clear 
Water Harbor, visited only bj^ small sailing vessels. 
From abreast this point, a few hours steaming brings- 
the traveler to Cedar Kej^s, latitude 29 deg. 5 min. 49 
sec, longitude 83 deg. 4 min. 4G sec. This town is 
built upon the inner one of a group of little islands, 
called keys, and is approached from the sea by an S 
channel, the most tortuouts known in these parts and 
very troublesome to the V)est pilots. The town is the 
terminus of the "Atlantic, Gulf and West India Transit 
Company's Railroad." (This Yond extends across the 
State to Fernandina, connecting the Gulf with the At- 
lantic Ocean.) The hotels are not of the " Mfth 
Avenue " order— the best is kept by Mr. Mclivaine. 
Following-up the Gulf, we come to St. Marks, from 
which point a direct line of steamers are run to New 
Orleans in connection with a branch of the Jackson- 
ville, Pensacola and Mobile Railroad, twenty miles 
from Tallahassee. From here, running nearly west, 
we reach Pensacola, latitude 30 deg. 20 min. 47 sec, 
longitude 87 deg. 18 min, 23 sec (Tlie longitudes 
given are w^est from Greenwich. To ascertain longi- 
tude west from Washington, deduct 77 deg. 2 sec.) 
The town has recentl3^ December, 1880, been almost 
entirely destroyed b}^ fire. West of the town is the 
Pensacola Navy Yard. It is the only place on the 
Gulf coast suitable for such a purpose. This place has 
jnore than an ordinary historical record, for whicli tlie 




^15 ME oi> exoci lit 0,^(1 



49 



reader is kindly referred to an}^ good History of Flori- 
da Having now reached the extreme western portion 
of tlie State, we turn towards Tallahassee, the State 
Capitol, to reach which there is a long, tedious jour- 
ney made out of a very short distance, the only rail 
route being by way of Montgomery to Eufaula, Ala., 
thence down the Chattahoo(!hee River, by steamer, to 
Chattahoochee. Tlie State Penitentiary was here un- 
til the late administration changed it into an Asylum 
for the Insane. Tallahassee is now eastward, 44 miles 
by the J., P. & M. Railroad. Trains run daily, ex- 
cept Sunday. It is situated upon a hill some distance 
from the Railway station, and is primitively beautiful 
in its undulations and the little change it has suffered 
fit the hands of modcrners. By some legerdemain, 
however, the lawyers, tlie rascals, have crept in there 
and have built them a hive, where they legislate for the 
people, and make honey for themselves. In the sea- 
son of legislative session there is much confusion in 
this otherwise quiet place, but the annoyance is meekly 
borne by the people, as it occurs but biennially, and 
the law-makers and lobbyists spend a good deal of 
money in the payment of board bills, and other things 
excusable among this order of gentlemen. 

In passing around the country thus far, we may have 
overlooked some places, but the reader may rest as- 
sm'ed they are of little consequence as pleasure resorts 
and that the time can be better employed in what fol- 
lows. 

Jacksonville is 165 miles east from the Capitol. At 
this {"loint, elsewhere noticed, the traveler, no matter 
whence he comes, finds himself on the banks of one 
of the most beautiful streams in the world, 

THE ST. JOHNS RIVEK. 

This river was originally named "La Riviere de 
Mai," by Jean Ribaut, thellugUenot, who first crossed 
the St. Johns bar on the first day of May, 1562. The 



50 

TAYLOR'S 

EUROPEAN HOUSE, 

99-105 West Bay St„ 

NEAR HOGAN, 

.T j^ O Ti. ^ <y IS "VT L I_. E, IT L A., 
THIS IS DECIDEDLY TME BEST 

m THE STATE OF FLORIDA, 

And the Proprietor will guarantee the utmos! satisfac- 
tion to his patrons. 

PfitYt'iy^il Hi Miftol Alisii 

AND MONEY CAN C0:\OIAND, 

DISHKD TO ORDER. 

TABLE DTIOTE DAILY FR03I 1 to 2 P. M. 

Finely Furnished and Scrupulously 
Neat Rooms. No Better in the City. 

POLITE ATTENTION WARRANTED. 

Terms Moderate and every Accommodation First-Class 
GEO. W. TAYLOR, Proprietor. 



51 



French afterwards, in 1564, under Laudonniere, built 
a fort at St. Johns Bkiff, which, in 1565, fell into the 
hands of the Spaniards", wlieu its garrison was de- 
stroyed by the Spanish troops under Aleneudez, The 
name of the river was changed to that of "San Mateo," 
but is now world-wide known as the St. Johns. It 
empties into the Atlantic, at Alayport, about 20 miles 
from Jacksonville, and extends about 300 miles to its 
source, in Lake Okeechobee, or the Everglades. Of 
this distance, the first 100 miles is navigable for such 
vessels as are admitted by the bar ; thence on to San- 
ford and other points on Lake Monroe, only light draft 
vessels can ply. Its course is from the south, north- 
ward. It is formed of shallow lagoons, and has but a fall 
of about three feet in over 200 miles, the current being 
barely' perceptible. The water is brackish and dark, 
caused by decaying vegetable matter and the saline, 
sulphuric, and metalic waters poured into it by the 
numerous springs along its banks and those of its tribu- 
taries Its banks are evergreen, and the clearings, 
buildings and locations of towns thereon, is the best 
proof that travelers are pleased with its scenery. 

No pen can describe the happy, easy comfort found 
along the line of this river by Northern, Eastern and 
Western people who suffer from diseases aggravated 
by atmospheric humidity, or who flee from the pinch- 
ing blasts that come towering down from the Rockies, 
Alleghanies, or White Mountains, when "Jack Frost" 
assumes the sceptre ; 

When, from feeble limbs and failing health, 
The sleigh bells lose their niirthy wealth, 

and snow-balling is no longer funny. 

So much has been so truthfully written concerning 
Easi Florida, as a national sanitarium, and so many- 
thousands have been cured or benefitted by its climate 
and its waters, and so thoroughly have all classes of 
visitors made this known aniong their friends, it is 
hardly necessary to do more than make short mention 
of it. "(See Article on Climatology.) 



52 



JULES BARATIER, 
FRENCH TAILOR 

Laura Street, near ^Bay^ 

JACKSONVILLE, FLA. 



OF EVERY DESCRIPTION 

Fashionably Made to Order, 

AT REASONABLE FIGURES. 

Repairiiig and Scouring^ 

IN THE FRENCH MANNER, 

Making the Goods Equal to New.. 

^^ The best and most Seasonable Goods always in 
Stock. 



53 

EAST FLORIDA. 

The lines of the St. Johns, Ocklawaha, Indian, and 
Halifax rivers, and along the Atlantic coast, are pecu- 
liarly climatically bracing and health restoring, the 
reasons, beyond those apparent, need not be looked for. 
Yet, as different diseases are affected in a great meas- 
ure by locality, the advice of a good physician should 
always be obtained. In the winter thne, the afflicted 
of all climes resort hither in thousands, and while some 
return home dissatisfied because they are not cured, 
nearly all reluctantly leave the Land of Flowers, and 
then only because their homes and business interests 
imperatively call them away. Winter after winter are 
seen the same faces at the hotels and places of resort, 
while hundreds of new ones are added every year. 
Still, the fountain of perpetual youth has not yet been 
found, and it is just as much the common lot here, as 
elsewhere, to die. It may be as well to open here 
with the principal city of the State, which is 

JACKSONVILLE, 

latitude 30 deg. 19 min. 8S sec. north, longitude 81 
deg. 30 min. 7 sec. west from Greenwich. In days of 
yore, "when swallows built their nests in old men's 
beards," this place was "settled." Its Indian name 
was "Wacca Pilatka," (in the vernacular, Cow Ford.) 
Its first resident was Lewis Z. Hogans, a son of Reuben 
Hogans, who then lived on the opposite side of the St. 
Johns River. John R. Hogans, brother of Lewis, ob- 
tained a donation of 640 acres of land north of the 
creek that bears his name, and now known as "Spring- 
field." This donation was confirmed by an act of 
Congress, passed May 24, 1824, securing to each family 
the land by them held and cultivated up to the date of 
session, February 22, 181 9— a sort of primitive home- 
stead law. A Spanish grant, on September 13, 1816, 
had given to a widow, named Taylor, 200 acres of 



54 

'Am 



m. r^^ 




■ (FRONriNd ON ST. JA?,IES PARK.) 

JAcksONVILLK, FLORIDA. 

J. ^._ CA MPBELL, Manager. 



TUis ;/av«rite and popular house is the T^ax-y^est: 
aiitl...mos?it C"oiii±V>i'ti»l>le Hotel iii 
Fiox'icla., capable of accoinin<jaatin.s: T^VO HT"X- 
DKEIJ-AND FIFTY GTESTS, Located- on dry and ele- 
vated gro.und, and easily accessible Irom steamers and 
railroads. 

The house is liirhted thi'oughout with gas. The Halls, 
Parlor, Office and Sj)aces are heated by steam. There 
are also within and connected with the house, BATH 
ROOMS. Billiard Hall, Bowling Alley, Shotting Gallery 
and Barbers Sliop, and all niodern improvements found 
in fii'j^tvMass hotels, including 

Tiie sleeping rooms are large, airy and commodious, 
and lilt' table is always supplied with the luxuries and 
delicaci(.-s of the season, served in a manner wliich has 
madeforthis department an enviable reputation, which 
the management will fully sustain. 

A gocid'ged and a well ordered, well supplied table, the 
ev'Tsolicitous objects of the wea)y traveler and the 
fastidious itivalid, are established features at this hotel. 

Rooms^may be secured by, letter or telegram, and spe- 
cial te-rnis. u-ill be made with parties wishing to enga.ge 
board b.V tlieweek. or for the season, rafes'depending 
upon location of rooms 

Omnibujsjahd l^irriages will run to and from Railroads 
and Steaaiiers for the acccmimodation of guests and their 
baggage." ' 



00" 

land. Ilogans married the,-v^idow and acquijl^lieretfef' 
tlie grant, and a faniil}^ of two sons and -a cmiigfiter 
He then moved to the north side of the river, ])nilt a 
house on what is now Forsytii street, near Hogan, 
(about where Mr. Biggs resides.) which soon proved 
too limited for his family and the people traveling. 
He constructed another house, moved int0 4t,fajp^te«)t 
the first as an hotel. La Cuisine, Pate de fQ^%ff*»|et 
de Champignons, being meaningless teTiii».lil«JP. es- 
tablishment. Hogans died in 1835. 

The next settler was John Masters, CJuan Maestra,) 
a native of St. Augustine. He lodged a pitiable, peti- 
tion, setting forth his services to Spain and the distress 
of his family, in answer to which the Spanisli GtHf- 
ernment granted him, Decembers, 1816, orie'huudred 
acres adjoining the Taylor grant. Masters th^i 
house on the west side of the King's road, n< 
street, at the foot of which, was the ''Covriorc^^vj^ .. ^ 
West of this was a line spring of water, tliie'>v^^ljBO>^ 
which may be estimated froju the fact that it furnished 
surlicient, for all purposes, for the men ^od'Spilg^ of 
the patriot army in the spring of 1812, It'lljHw>ng 
since "gone where the woodbine twineth?'. ,^^j^;^17, 
the Spanish Government withdrew all its Florida forces 
from land and sea to St. Augustine. Mast«i«r ^same 
time, went there with his famil}' and never r^ththed; 
He sold his place at Cowford for fSOOtoa man named 
Brady, June 21, 1820. ....;.■',.'" 

John Brady having purohased- the J^Iastors', /flace.! 
moved there and built another house, (pine w^ the 
only timber suitable f()r building purposes in tlie vTcini- 
ty, and the increasing demand for it soon sufficed to 
remove the trees and clear the land.) Brady lic^pt- the 
feiTj, entertained travelers, was utterly iliiteratev-and: 
signed his name with an X, yet he is spoken- of ^ as 
jovial and always anxious for the coinfort of his' gneslsV ' 
_ William G.Dawson and SteplienE. Buckles. of Ge(^ 
gia, visited the place, and the climate and locality .suit- 
ing Mr. Dawson's health and Inisinoss vie\\^: t^^V &(U 




56 

St. James PHARMACY. 



Benj. L. Hughes, 

PHAEIACEDTICAl CHEMIST, 

[BY EXAMINATION,) 

Corner of Launi and Duval Streets, opposite St. James 

Hotel, JACKSONVILLE, FLA. 
Lemon Street, PALATKA, FLA. 

WHOLESALK A>D RETAIL DEALER IN 

Drugs, Cliemicals, Pa- 
tent and Homeopathic 

FANCY AND TOILET ARTICLES, SPONGES, 
TRUSSES, &c., &c. 
My stock of Druijs, Patent Medicines, etc, will be 
found complete in every dep.irtment. 

Those requirijiii; medicines and dealers in dru^s, will 
do well to call and get my prices for the above before 
purchasing elsewhere, which my location enables me to 
sell for less than any house in the City. 

PERSONAL ATTENTION GIVEN TO TPIE PRE- 
SCRIPTION DEPARTMENT. 

AH prescriptions entrusted to me will be faithfully 
prepared at the lowest rates. 

I HAVE recently opened a branch in PALATKA, 
nnder the management of Mr. W. O. Woltz, witli a full 
line of DRUGS, MEDICINES, &c.. Paints, Oils, Window 
Glass and all articles appertaining thereto. 

J^ All orders received by mail, or otherwise, will be 
promptly executed at low rates. Give me a call. All 
goods warranted of the best quality. 



57 



cided to remain. Up to this time there was not a store 
nearer than Fernandina or St. Augustine. Goods were 
brought from St. Marys and Savannali in small trading 
vessels. The firm of Dawson & Buckles was formed, 
a stock of goods purchased in New York, a vessel 
chartered, laden therewith and dispatched to Cow^ford, 
where she arrived safely, (in all pro])ability, this was 
the first direct business trip and transaction betw^een 
the grand Empire Cit}' and the lovely St. Johns) and 
the first mercantile house was opened. The fame of 
the firm brought a lucrative trade to the place, and its 
becoming known that Brady and Ilogans could not 
accommodate the many people who d^alt there, Mr, 
I. D. Hart, who had served in the patriot army in 
1812, and was then living on the St. Marys Eiver, was 
induced to remove to the place. Mr. Hart bouglit 18 
acres of the Hogans' land, May 12, 1821. On a part 
of this he built and opened a large boarding house. 
His brother, Mr. D. C. Hart, put up a private dwelling 
opposite, the distance between them became Forsyth 
street when the town was laid out in 1822. These two 
gentlemen are the last spoken of as settlers. 

After the cession of Florida to this Government, on 
Washington's birthday, 1819, people flocked in rapidly 
from the Atlantic States as far north as Delaware. 
Among them, came from South Carolina, Francis J. 
Ross, Benjamin Chairs and John Bellamy, together 
with their families. The treaty was finally ratii^ed on 
the lUth of February, 1821, but the actual transfer did 
not occur until noon July 10, 1821, at St. Augustine, 
when amid the booming of cannon, the miserable 
symbol of Spanish tyranny was lowered, and the glo- 
rious banner of the ime thrown to the breeze. Eleven 
days later, the change of flags was consummated at 
Pensacola, and Florida becauK^ a part of Uncle Sam's 
farm. Dawson & Buckles now opened a boarding 
house, which tliey placed in charge of a widow, named 
Waterman, who had a large family. One of her 
daughters married Joshua Hickman, of Delaware, 



58 

B. G. AMBLER, 



_AND^ 



Fiiciel iEiiiit ComEPFleiit of 

JA MEH KING, 80N.S & '/O., DREXEL & CO., 

P.EOWxV BROrHERS, AND NEARLY ALL THE 

PRINCIPAL BANKING HOU8EH IN THI8 

COU.s TRY AN D EUROPE. 

To^ii-ists ai-e Iii^ itocl to Ottll 

Newspapers from principal North eru, East- 
ern an-l Western cities on tile. 
LETTERS RECEIVED and FORWARDED 

Location: South side of Bay 8t., nesir Post-OfRce.. 
JACKSONVILLE, FLA., 



59 



who owned the "Mulberry Grove Plantation," now the 
residence of A. M. Keed, Esq. 

Joseph Andrews, a brother-in-law of Mr. Hart, next 
appeared upon the scene and opened another b-o-a-r-d- 
i-n-g h-o-u-s-e. 

The United States Territorial Government Act of 
March 3, 1822, required tne meeting of the Legislative 
Council on the second ^Monday in June of that year. 
Tlie Council met accordingly and divided the territory 
into four counties, of which Duval was one. On the 
29th of the same month, Messrs. Cliiures, Ross and 
Bellam.y met at Cowford and laid out the new" town, 
one Miller acting as surveyor. Hart, Hogans, and 
Brady being present, they contributed eighty feet in 
width of their land for JVIarket street, and tlie same 
quantity for Ba}' street, running the entire distance of 
both streets within their claims. It w^as agreed that 
the blocks should consist of six lots, each 105 feet 
square, to run 315 feet east and west, and 210 feet north 
and south. It was also agreed that all the other streets 
should be seventy feet wide. Market street was the 
dividing line of the Hart and Brady claims, so the 
block on the north side of Bay street, and running east 
from Market, w^as designated "Square No. 1," and that 
running oppositely, west from Market, "Square No. 2," 
as complimentary to Mr. Hart, it being of his land and 
he the last settler. In laying out the other blocks!and 
streets, the original plan had to be varied from a little. 
Under the commissioners, Newman street was named ; 
also, Ocean street. (Libertj^ and Forsyth were pre- 
viously known.) Washington street was so called in 
honor of the first great Soldier President. "Adams and 
Monroe streets were added, and the Commissioners're- 
tired. The balance of the city has been arranged since. 

The change of flags and rapid growth of the place 
necessitated a more euphonious title than Cowford, ''so 
as a mark of respect to General Andrew Jackson, the 
first Territorial Governor of Florida, it was named 
Jacksonville. For nearly forty years from' this time, 



60 



J. GUMBINGER, 

Watclimaker, Jeweler, 

— AND — 

AND DEALER IN 

ida Curiosities, 

FEATHER FANS AND "FLOWERS.' 

SKIN^ of Native BIRHS^ 

THOROUGTILV CT^RED, A SPECIALTY. 

SHELLS, PLiffl ii DECOEATED, 

SEA BMiS, IQUMED II GOLB, 

WITH INITL\LS, MONOGRAMS AND OTHER 
DESIGNS. 

Alligator TTeetli, Gold Mounted, 

FOR CUFFS, PINS, EARRINGS, LADIES RREAST- 
PINS AND STUDS, in Great Variety. 

Fish Scale Jewelry, Etc. 

Visitors are kindly invited to examine the stock be- 
foi'e purchasing elsewliere. Be sure of tlie address, 98 
West Bay Street, opposite Astor Building, 

JACKSONVILLE, FLA. 



HI 



the place enjoyed a sort of iuterregnmu. It realized 
more profit than trouble during the Indian war. The 
population gradually increased and became quite heter- 
ogeneous. Throughout ante bellum times it was little 
known, except locally. As a town, it made little pre- 
tention. After the war, there was little left save the 
location. The men of both armies had occupied the 
place alternately, and when it was finally evacuated by 
the troops, there was little of value left behind. The 
visitor may feel surprised when told, as he looks around, 
that our present beautiful city is the result of the labor 
of ihe last fifteen years. The streets are wide and laid 
out from north to south and from east to west, and 
contain many elegant buildings, such as the "St. James 
Hotel" and the "Windsor," situated north and west of 
the St. James Park, respectively, and the "Carleton," 
on Bay street. These houses are first-class, conducted 
by thorough hotel men, and are up to the times in 
modern improvements. The Astor block, corner of 
Bay and Hogan streets, is a splendid structure both in 
design and solidity. It is occupied by the U. S. Signal 
Station, now in charge of Sergeant Smith, and other 
offices, public and private. The two front stores are 
occupied by S. Ritzewoller, (Wholesale Dry Goods,) 
and Geo. W. Markens, (Wholesale Liquors. ) There are 
many other fine buildings on the Bay; among those most 
recently constructed, being Ambler's Bank. In hold- 
ing forth a few prouunent features, we may be par- 
doned for notable mention of this house, the banking 
establishment of D. G. Ambler, Esq., on Ba}^ street, 
near the Post Office, well known among our previous 
visitors as thoroughly reliable and sound as the Bank 
of England. Attached to the Bank is a Reading Room 
and a Register containing the names of nearly all 
prominent people who liave visited Florida for many 
years. It is a good place to spend an hour, and visi- 
tors are cordially invited to its privileges free. Letters 
received and forwarded, and everj^ facility such as ig 
afforded by the best financial houses in Europe. The 



62 



ilOlil W. 14111II 



1 

(Astor Building, Bay Street,) 

JACKSONVILLE, FLORIDA, 

DIRECT RECEIVEK OF 

KENTUCKY BOURBON 

- AND - 
— AND DEALER IN — 

Cigars, Tobaccos, &c. 



AGENTS FOR 

tkemser's Si. Louis 

Bofthd Lmger Bier, 

ALSO, CINCINNATI, ROCHESTER, 

MILWAUKEE, AND WILLIAMS- 

BUEG BOTTLED BEER, 

IMPORTED GIN, RUM, BRANDY, 
PORT, AND SHERRY WINES. 

BOTTLED LIQUORS, all have my private trade mark, 
(G. W. M.) None other genuine. All orders promptly 
rilled and shipped. 



63 



First National Bank of Florida is on Ocean street, one 
door north from Bay. This Bank is an emanation of 
the mind and means of General F. E. Spinner, ex- 
Treasurer of tlie United States, and under the man- 
agement of James M. Schumacher, Esq.,C'ashier, (who, 
by the way, is a son-in-law of the fine old General, ) 
offers facilities, with absolute security, to those who 
patronize it equal to any establishment in the union. 
Keid's Block and Rivas & Koopman's new Imildings 
are handsome structures, as is the fancy store of O. L. 
Keene, Esq., on the corner of Bay and liaura streets. 
Mr. Keene is one of the progressive sort, and has re- 
cently new-fronted his place with iron supports and 
French plate glass show-windows. It presents quite a 
metropolitan exterior, and its within can, for neatness, 
good order and civility, vie with any liouse of its kind 
boasted of elsewhere. Ladies who wish any of the 
latest elegancies are sure to be suited here, if anywhere 
in Florida. The stock of goods covers tlie very finest 
Hssortment of Millinery Goods, including Flowers, 
Feathers, Ribbons, &c.. Dress Silks of all fashionable 
hues and designs, i'ashmeres, Drap 1)' Ete, Henrietta 
€lotli, and Fancy Suitings, with Fringes to match. 
Ladies, Gents and Children's Fancy Hosiery, Scarfs. 
Ties and Handkerchiefs, Merino and Gauze Vests and 
Ladies' Corsets, Silk LTmbrellas and Parasols, and Kid 
Gloves from the best makers ; Table Linen of every de- 
-^cription, and a full line of White Goods. Perfumery, 
Toilet Articles, Novelties and Notions, In .short, it is 
the nmltum in parvo fancy bazar. IXylor'a European 
House, on Bay street., opposite the landing of Mallory's 
New York Steamship Line, is the cmly place of its 
kind in the city. It is finely furnished, always has 
the best in the market and is thoroughly well managed 
\)y its owner, under liis personal supervision. There 
■are also numerous handsome private dwellings dotting 
the city, from wiiich the eye never w«aries by same- 
JYess of architecture. A leisurely stroll in the "mei-ry, 
in(^ry sunshine," will always please the invalid i^r 



64 

FLORIDA 

^Manufactured and foi' Sale V)y 

J. I. MAOKEY. 

JEWELRY, CHARMS, ORNAMENTS, AND 
NOVELTIES OF 

Alllg-ator Xeetli^ 

SEA BEANS, BOARS' TUSKS, (^ORAL BEANS, 
JOB'S TEARS, SHELLS, ETC. 

As We iManufaeture all these Goods 

ir flOE own ESTABLISHIHT 

We can guarantee the work and quality. 

©Mil ^1 tosi Millii Wt^ii^ 

ORANGfc], ROYAL PALM, PALMETTO, SNAKEWOOD, &c% 

Fish-Scale Jewelry and Ornaments. 
FLORIDA GRASSES AND SEA FERNS, 

NATIVE (XmAL AND SEA SHELLS. 

Japanese FANS and PARASOLS, 

In New and I'.legant Designs, Japanese Lacquer and 
Para Ware in great variety and finely decorated. 
You should not fail to see tliose beautiful painted 

SILK and SHEI.L. Purses. 

Special Orders from Customers Filled at Short Notice 
and very mode, ate charges, 

DON'T FORGET THE PLACE, 

No. 37 East Baij Street, 

Three Doors west of Carleton House, 

Jacksonville. Florida. 



pieiisurist. Tlie niagnilicent shade trees tliat abound 
everywhere in our streets aie justly a pride with the 
people and a great luxury in the summer time. 

The Churches include the denominations of Metho- 
dist, Presbyterian, Baptist, Episcopalian, and Catholic, 
I believe there arc a few ' 'xidventists" also here. If the 
latter be right, there will be little use for this little 
book. This will l)e the year jubilant with them, v/hile 
with us all things will "goto smash." The colored 
people are generally Methodist or Baptist. They have 
good, comfortable churches and are quite attentive to 
religious duties. 

The city has a "Street Railroad," which runs along 
Bay street, (connecting the Railroad Depots,) up Cath- 
erine to Duval street to the St. Jaines Hotel, down 
Hogan street and back to the starting point, making a 
very convenient circuit for the people. Also, a tine 
public market upon the water front, foot of Ocean 
street, and a smaller one up town, on the corner of 
Hogan and Church streets. It is furnished with gas 
by the "Citizens' Gas Light Company," has a first- 
class Water Works, with grounds attached intended 
for a Botanical Garden, good sewerage, is provided 
with a well conducted Public School Estabiishm.ent, a 
partly paid and very efficient Fire Department, with 
Steam Engines and every necessarj^ apparatus, a Fire 
Alarm Telegraph, and also has an excellent Hospital, 
St. Lukes. There are several Public Halls, a Circula- 
ting Library, Express and Telegraph Offices, four 
Steam Saw Mills, two Planing Mills, a Rice Mill, Grist 
Mill, Ice Factory, a Moss Curing l^Jstablislmient, and 
several very extensive Cigar Factories. The C^uriosity 
Stores particularly take the eye of the visitor, so let us 
take a stroll through one of them, that of Damon 
Greenleaf, This is decidedly the largest and finest es- 
tablishment of its kind in Florida, and is filled with 
such novelties as are unknown and unseen of — of all, 
except those who visit the State. The Watch, Clock 
and Silverware branch.es are of such character as to 



66 



,. .„J 

THE ONLY ALL RAIL RODTE AND 



LINE to 



Through Passeiig-ei' Trains. 
Elegant Sleeping and Drawing- Room Cars. 

Westinghonse Air- Brakes— Steel Rails* 

Miller Platfornis-^Safe Bridges-— -Smooth 

Track* 

Movement of Freight in Through Cars, 
Avoiding Risk of Transfer. No De- 
lays. Claims Promptly Adjusted. 

iF'iMlit and Veg-etafole ^liii>iiieiitsi 
ill Ventilated Oai's. 

Transfer to Ship's Side at Savannah Witli- 
out Breaking Bulk. 

H 8. HAINES, C. D. OWENS, 

General Manager. Gen» Agt,, 315 Broadway, N. Y. 

JAS. L. TAYLOR, 

General Freight and Pass. At?*^' H,, 



(il 



endanger one's portemonnaie, e'en tliough it were 
chub-locked, particularl}' if his wile or daughter be 
with him, an(l as to ' Curiosities"— consisting of the 
beautiful plumage of the Crane, Buffalo Heron, Cur- 
lew, Paroquet. &c., &c., Alligator Teeth, finely fin- 
ished as ornaments, plain and artistically wrought, and 
suited to all purposes, "Sea Beans" of every sort, ele- 
gantly mounted as Cuff Buttons, Watch Charms, Ear- 
nings, Breastpins, »&c., &c., in great variety. Walking 
Sticks of all the indigenous woods, including the 
Orange, Lemon, Palmetto and Koyal Palm; Fish Scale 
Jewelry, and all material for its manufacture— it is the 
grand depot. The Museumenagerie in connection 
with the store, and free to visitors, will be found very 
entertaining to persons interested in natural history. 

On the same side of Bay street, near Pine, L. 1. ■ 
Stephens keeps the old stand, "Sign of the Golden 
Alligator," and is ever courteous and ready to show his 
stock of fancies to visitors. Next in order, on same 
block, will be found Mr. Stiles, whose styles are ex- 
ceedingly stylish, recherche and rare. In same di- 
rection, on the corner of Bay and Hogan streets, is 
the store of Mr. J. GumVnnger, where a full and fine 
stock of goods is constantly kept. Retracing our 
steps, near the Carleton, we find Mr. Mackey's, Flori- 
da and Japanese Goods. All are curiosity shops, and 
an hour spent in either of them may, in after years, 
bring many pleasant reflections. 

For particulars of these and all special lines, refer 
to the "Index to Advertisements." 

NAMES OF THE STKEKTS. 

Those running parallel with the river, are Bay. (this 
is the principal business thoroughfare, and next to the 
river) Forsyth, Adams, Monroe, Duval, Church, Ash- 
ley, Beaver. Union, and State. Those running at 
right angles therewith, (beginning at the west end) are 
Bridge, Clay, Cedar. Julia, Hogan, Laura, Pine, Ocean, 



()S 



RIVAS & KOOPMAN, 



WHOLESALE AND RETAIL 



Bate, Coiciirs aiil Fit 



And Dealers in 



FOBffl ai DOifflC FEOITS, 

MANUFACTURERS OF 

MERCANTILE (Premium) SUGAR 
AND SYEUP 

From Sugar-Caue riiised upon our phmtation within 
two miles of JACKSONVILLE, Duval County. 

Special attention given to orders fi-oni the 
country. 

Remp:mbek the Address. 

19 West Bay Street, 

JACKSONVILLE, FLA. 



69 

(this street divides the city east and west) Newnan, 
John ' ^ ^'^^' ^^'^^°S^^°' Catherine, Marsh, and 

1 '^^^ city extension, concerning which there are some 
legal quibbles, absorbs, ad interim, from Hansontown 
i ri^! northwest) Orange, North, Caroline, and Eagle 
streets^ From LaViUa, (to the west of, and paraUel 
with Bridge street,) First, Second, Third, Fourth and 
Fifth streets, with Ward, Bay,' Forsyth, Mansion 
hfn '°.?' ^^^ Race streets, at right angles. From Brookl 
lyn, (to the southwest beyond the bridge,) Commercial 
(he main street) Winter, Magnolia^ Oak,Tdplne 
LdMXjewar '' "^'^ ^°^'"' being McCoy's, 



MASONIC. 



Tlie Masonic Lodge Room is on the corner of Bav 
and Pine streets The Grand Lodge mee"s annually 
on the second Tuesday of January. There are two 
Subordinate Lodges that meet on the first and tS 
Mondays and Wednesdays of each month. 

ROYAL AEOH. 

The Grand Chapter holds its convocation annually 
on the second Monday of January. The SuborSe 
Chapter meets on the last Friday of each month 

KNIGHTS TEMPLAR. 
INDEPENDENT ORDER OF ODD-FELLOWS. 

Florida Lodge, No. 1, and Friendship Lodge, No 18 

TueLial.nH^/-',"^^' ^""' ^^ ^^^'ket stritrevery 
1 uesday and Fnday, respectively. ^ 



70 



M. A. DZIALYNSKI, 

-AND- 

Commission Merchant. 

Two Stores. 

Both on the South, or River Side, 

JACKSONVILLE, FLORIDA. 

DEALER IN 

Carriages, Buggies, 

LIGHT WAGONS, ™E CARRIAGE 
HARNESS, WHIPS, &c. 

AND GENBBAL COMMIS|ION DEALER IN A.L 

Provisions, Tobacco, 

j4nd Cig&rs. 

liaiSnittitMlTM 

prices obtained. . ,,„t,n.e respectfully solicited. 

4f^ Business ot fJllij^Jf^^'^KI, Licensed Auctioneer. 



71 



B NAl BRITH. 



J ackson ville Lodge meets at Odd-Fellows Hall eve- 
ry second and fourth Sunday. 

There is also a Forester's Lodge here with a large 
membership, which meets at Masonic Hall first and 
third Wednesdays. 

NEWSPAPERS. 

The Florida Union is published daily, except Mon- 
day. 

BOARD OF TRADE. 

John Clark, President. P. McQuaid, Vice-Presi- 
dent. S. A. Winter, Secretary and Treasurer. This 
body meets every Monday night, in Polk's Block. 

The fleet of steamboats that traverse the St, Johns 
and Ocklawaha and other navigable streams of East 
Florida, are ably managed, well furnished, and supply 
their tables unexceptionally. From Jacksonville, 
there are several lines that ply regularly upon the St. 
Johns to Palatka — others go beyond as far as Sanford, 
(Orange county. ) Nearly all stop at Tocoi, and tnere con- 
nect with the "St. Johns Railway," which, under its 
present ownership and management, affords a very 
pleasant ride of fifteen miles (three-fourths of an hour) 
to "Ye Ancient City of St. Augustine." The bustle 
incident to transfer from the steamer at Tocoi is barely 
recovered from, ere one is rushed into the history of 
the past four hundred years. Further on, the reader 
will find a descriDtion of the place as it was in 1765, 
written by Dr. William Stork, during the English oc- 
cupation," and as it is, (1881,) by the humble author of 
this work. 

In writing 1881, we are some- what ner-vous about 
the prediction of "Old Mother Shipton." But if the 
poor old lady has made a mistake in her calculations. 



72 

JOHN S. DRIGGS, 
13 W. BAY STREET, (East of Pine St.,j 

DEALER IN 

China, Crockery 

AND GLASSWARE, 



LAMPS, BRACKETS, PLATED WARE, 
AND TABLE WARE of Every Description. 

TOILET ^ETS. 

BROOMS, BRUSHES, and in short everything necessa- 
ry for convenience in house-keeping, of the very first 
quality. 
This long established and favorably known house keeps 
constantly on hand THE LARGEST AND FINEST 
Assortment of Goods 

IN THE STATE OF FLORIDA, 

Rea<soxia'1>le I*i'ofits ami One Price 
Only. 

No Trouble to Show Goods. 
4®" Orders promptly attended to, and prices guaran- 
teed same as in case of personal presence of purchaser. 

EXAMINE STOCK AND OBTAIN PRICES. 
Sole Agency for Florida for the Aladdin Safety Lamp, 



n 

and the time be extended a few millions of years longer, 
it will take a heavy load off our fretful heart, as we 
may breathe a little longer the pure, balmy air of un* 
equalled Florida. 

But if she was not mistaken ? 

Then must Old Sol, (as in days of yore?) Stand still till 

all the smash is o'er. 
And in his light, unearthly bright, The mountains must 

be reft with fright ; 
The whole of earth mu.st quake and shake, While all 

the dead from sleep must wake ; 
And then will all become immortal. To fit us ere we 

cross the portal 
(Of the promised land, the land so grand, That no pen 

yet, nor yet a hand 
Has e'er been known the scene to paint, That truly 

represents a saint 
Who having crossed and stepped within, Stands "up-' 

right as a man" 'thout sin,) 
And when that portal has been crossed, Heaven is found 

though earth be lost. 

So fright we not, though we be mortal, 
For all is gain beyond the portal. 

Duval county, of which Jacksonville is the county 
seat, embraces an area of nearly 900 square miles^ 
Without intending to disparage any other section, it 
must be said, its lands produce everything in the way 
of fruits and vegetables of the finest quality, includ- 
ing Oranges, Strawberries, Grapes, and, in short, all 
except the Banana, Pineapple and Cocoanut, in paying 
quantities. In fact, the w^hole line of the St. Johns, 
and the Atlantic coast of Florida, and part of the 
southwest is of the same character, but the advantage 
in transportation and easy access to northern markets, 
is on the side of East Florida. 

The most difficult task is to produce satisfactory 
figures of the fruits product of the past year. It was 
hoped the Census would furnish the information, but 
that hope has failed, and we are obliged to content 
ourselves with the report of Putnam county, "The 
Fruit Growers' Association" of which gives the fol- 
lowing Orange aggregates for 1879— Number of groves, 



u 

To ik0 Tr&d^, 

HARRY IVKISKOFF, 

IMPORTER OF AND DEALER IN 

PAINTS, Oils, 

VARNISHES, 

€rlue§, Brii§lie§9 

WINDOW, PICTURE AND CARRIAGE 



GOLD AND METAL LEAF, BRONZE. 

COPPERAS, ALUM, PUMICE STONE, 

KEROSENE. SAND AND EMORY 

PAPERS, &c. 



Agent for Pratt's Mineral Colza Oil, 300 degrees fire test^ 
And Johnson's Prepared Kalsomine. 

No. 4.0 WEST BAY STREET, Sign of the Big Barrel. 

No allowance for leakage or breakage after obtalnina 
receipt in good order. 
Terms cash. P. O. B. 57, 



75 



733. Number of trees, bearing, blooming, and about 
to bloom, 97,654. Young trees in gi'ove, 203,790. In 
nursery, 596,550, and the number of oranges for the 
year, five and nine-tenths (5 9-10) millions. It is ex- 
pected the figures for 1880 will show a largely increased 
yield. A reasonable valuation of the crop of 1870 will 
press closely upon $75,000, a very flattering [exhibit 
for one county in sandy Florida. Beside the Orange, 
the whole Citrus family propagates readily. The 
Lemon and Lime are receiving special attention, and 
pay well for their care, and, as a sequence, the manu- 
facture of Citric Acid must soon become an impor- 
tant branch of Florida trade. Sugar-cane is almost a 
sure and good crop, equal in quality to any produced 
in this country. Tobacco thrives everywhere without 
degeneration, and with proper attention, the finest 
Cotton is obtained. Indian Corn gives a good crop in 
the western part of the State, and Vegetables of every 
sort, of the first class, are everywhere readily raised. 
It is with great reluctance we leave the matter of pro- 
ducts thus crudely touched upon, not having the data 
or space to particularize. The Magnolia, Pride of In- 
dia, Cedar, and Live Oak, are trees special in value 
for beauty, shade, mannfactiu-ing purposes and ship- 
building, and are plentiful. 

Over one hundred years ago. Dr. William Stork 
wrote of East Florida, in a book published in London, 
about the end of the last centmy, and among other 
things said— 

"The situation of East Florida, in the southern part of 
tlie temperate zone, between two seas, the great Atlan- 
tick Ocean and the bay of Mexico, appears to be the 
natural cause of the goodness of its climate, for as on 
the one hand, a southern latitude exempts it from all 
the inconveniencies of extreme cold, so a maritime situ- 
ation, and its Ij'ing within the course of the sea breeze 
that daily blows across the peninsula, is the cause that 
the heat of the sun in summer is mitigated by the fresh- 
ness of the sea air, which, in a hot climate, is much more 
salutary than the air of an extended continent. 

•'The tender plants of the \\'est Indies usually remain 



76 

WHOl-ESALE AND RETAIL, DEALER IN 

Florida Curiosities, 

i^ea Beans, 



FISH SCALE AND SHELL 

or s 1^ ]^ X. m ^. 

PAMCQ IN EVERY VARIETY 
V/illN LyO, OF FLORIDA . WOODS. 

FEATHERS, FEATHER FANS, &c. 

INITIAL AND MONOGRAM ARTICLES, 

TRUNKS, VALISES AND UMBRELLAS. 

Be sure of the number. 

15 W/^EST BAY STREET, 

JACKSONVILLE, FLA. 



77 



unhurt during the winter, in the gardens of St. Augus- 
tine. ▼ 

"The mildness of the seasons and purity of the air are 
probably the cause of the healthiness of this country. 

"Since it came into the hands of Great Britain, many 
gentlemen have experienced the happy effects of its 
climate by the recovery of their health. 

"It is an indisputable fact, which can be proved by the 
monthly returns of the Ninth Regiment, in garrison in 
East Florida, that it did not lose one single man by na- 
tural death in the space of twenty months, and as that 
regiment performed duty in the several forts, at differ- 
ent distances from St. Augustine, St. Marks d'Apalachie, 
at200'miles, Picolata, 30, Matanzas 20, it proves in the 
most satisfactory manner, that the climate is healthy 
in the different parts of the province." 

The above extracts from Stork are given to show 
how Florida was esteemed as a health resort even at 
that early day, which it also was bj^ the Spaniards 
many yeai'S previously. 

ST. AUGUSTINE. 

That the past and present may be compared, I shall 
give Stork's description in full. He says — 

"The town of St. Augustine is situated near the glacis 
of the fort, on the west side of the harbour. It is an ob- 
long square. The streets are regularly laid out, and in- 
tersect each other at right angles. They are built narrow 
on purpose to afford shade. The town is above half a 
mile in length, regularly fortified with bastions, half 
bastio IS, and a ditch. Besides these works, it has an- 
other sort of fortification, very singular, but well adapt- 
ed against the Indians, an enemy the Spaniards had 
most to fear. It consists of several rows of Palmttto 
trees, planted very close along the ditch, up to the para- 
apet. Their pointed leaves are so many chevaux de 
frieze, that make it entirely impenetrable. The two 
southern bastions are built of stone. 

"In the middle of the town is a spacious square, called 
the pai-ade, open towards the harbour. At the bottom of 
this square is the Governor's house, the apartments of 
which are spacious and suited to the climate, with higii 
windows, a balcony in front, and galleries on both sides. 
To the back part of the house is. joined a tower, called in 
America, a look-out, from which there is an extensive 
prospect towards the sea, as well as inland. Tliereaer 



78 



A plate, a knife and fork and spoon ! 
Oh, how delightful ! what a boon 
To travelers who like to rove, 
Accommodations like these prove, 
When time there's for their use. 

But if you're late to catch the train, • 

And minutes few have to remain. 
Improve the time, your luncheon get. 
You'll find cooked ham on table set. 
So there is no excuse 

FOR NOT STOPPING AT THE 

ORAND NATIONAL 



JUST ONE BLOCK FROM THE RAILROAD DEPOT, 

Under the Grand National Hotel, 

CORNER OF BAY AND JULIA STREETS. 

Best Quality Groceries. 
Lowest possible prices. 

FRUITS IN THEIR SEASON. 

HOME-MADE PIES, BREAD, CANDIES and CAKES. 

TOBACCOS AND CIGARS. 

L. JACOBS, 

N. B. — Loans made on Diamonds, Watches, Jewelry 
and Silverware, or bought for cash. 



79 



two churches within the walls of the town, the Parish 
Church, a plain building, and another belonging to the 
Convent of Franciscan Friers, which is converted into 
barracks for the garrison. The houses are built of free- 
stone, commonly two stories high, two rooms upon a 
floor, with large windows and balconies. Before the en- 
try of most of the houses runs a portico of stone arches. 
The roofs are commonly flat. The Spaniards consulted 
conveniency more than taste in their buildings. The 
number of houses in the town and within the lines when 
the Spaniards left it, was above 900, many of them, espe- 
cially in the suburbs, being built of wood, are now gone 
to decay. 

"The inhabitants were of all colors, whites, negroes, 
mulattoes, Indians, &c., at the evacuation of St. Augus- 
tine, amounted to 5,700, including the garrison of 2,500 
men. Half a milei^from the town, to the west, is a line 
with a broad ditch and bastions, running from St. Se- 
bastian's creek to St. Mark's river. A mile further is 
another fortified line, with some redoubts, forming a 
second communication between a stoccata fort upon St. 
Sebastian's river, and fort Mosa upon the river St. Marks. 

"Within the first line, near the town, was a small set- 
tlement of Germans, who had a church of their own. 
Upon St. Mark's river, within the same line, was also 
an Indian town, with a church built of free-.stone. "What 
is very remarkable, the steeple is of good workmanship 
and taste, though formerly built by the Ijidians. The 
Governor has given the lands belonging to this town- 
ship as glebe-lands to the Parish Church." 

Well, this^was a long while ago, and a great deal of 
change lawst h¥ive*been wrought, one would think, by 
the hand of man and time, so we will look for our- 
selves at 

ST. AUGUSTINE AS IT IS. 

This is beyond all question, the oldest city on the 
Continent of North America, having been founded in 
1565, by the Spaniards, under Menendez, forty-three 
years previous to the settlement of Jamestown, Va., 
and fifty-five years before the arrival of the ' 'May- 
flower" at Plymouth Rock. (The place was visited 
by the French in 1564, when Laudonni^re named what 
is now the Matanzas river, "the River of Dolphins," 
but not choosing the site, he sailed thence up the St. 
Johns river, and located ^t St. Johns Bluff.) During 



so 



Lager Bier Saloon, 

No. 8 EAST BAY STREET, 
JACKSONVILLE, FLORIDA, 

THE BEST BEER IN THE 

CITY ALWAYS ON DRAUGHT. 

LIQUORS AND CIGARS 

OF THK FINEST QUALITY, 
AND GENOVAR'S CELEBRATED 



THE BEST AND MOST DELICIOUS 
TONIC IN THE WORLD, 

By the Case, Bottle or Glass. 

Patronage respectfully solicited, 
J. C. H, BOHLEN, Proprietor, 



81 



the revolutionai'y war, it was occupied by the British 
troops, by whom it was evacuated in 1784. The very 
closest approximation to its present number of resi^ 
dents, awaiting the census report, is 1,036 people, who 
are mostly of Spanish or Minorcan descent. The site 
of the city is an obtong parallelogram, east of which isl 
the harbor, or Matanzas river, separated from the At- 
lantic by Anastasia Island, a narrow tract of land that 
runs about fourteen Iniles south. 

The streets of St. Augustine are, (running as the 
river does,) Bay, fronting the Bay, Charlotte, St. 
George's, Spanish, and Tolomato. In the opposite di^ 
rection, east and west, are, commencing at the Fort, 
Orange, Cuna, Hypolita, Baya'sLane, Treasury, King, 
Bridge, and St. Francis, and a few narrow lanes. 

The dwellings generally are quaint, and suggest a 
great lack of architectural taste on the part of the 
builders. They are chiefly constructed of coquina — 
shell stone — quarried on Anastasia Island, are almost 
invariably two stories high with windows that project 
from the upper stories, and in some cases, owing to the 
narrowness of the streets, persons standing upon their 
balconies can almost shake hands ''across the chasm," 
and cosily chat. Of late years, many prominent citi- 
zens from the North have erected modem and very 
handsome buildings, making a decided improvement, 
and rather Americanizing the musty old plaCe. Near 
the center of the city may be seen the "Plaza," within 
the enclosure of wliich stands a monument erected in 
1812, which bears the inscription — 

"plaza DE la OONSTItUCION. 

' 'Plaza de la Constitucion. Promulgado en esta Ciu-' 
dad de San Augustin de la Florida, Oriental en 17 de 
Octubre de 1812, siendo Gobernador el Brigadier DoQ 
Sebastian Kindalem, Caballero del orden de Santiago. 

"PAEA ETEENA MEMOEIA. 

"ElAyuntauiientaConstitucionalErigio este obelisco 



82 

A. JAGQMAIN, 

{Bottler Francais,) 

French Boot-Maker. 

Gent's Fine French Calf Boots, Shoes, 
&c.. Made to Measure, and guar- 
anteed according to order. 

IiEP»AIIl^I]VO TSTeatly r>oiie. 

Up stairs, Ledwith's Block, 
JACKSONVILLE, - FLA. 

Boats to Let. 

Mofm Boats, Smti Boats 

— AND— 

PLEASURE YACHTS, 

Let by the HOUR, DAY, WEEK or MONTH, with 
careful men in charge. 

Boats Built and Iiepaii*ed. 

Boat-landing and building-yard opposite the Carleton. 

PETER, JOIVES, 

PROPRIETOR* 



83 



dirigido por Don Fernando de la Maza Arredondo, el 
joven Regido Decano Y Don Francisco Robira, Pro- 
curador Sindico. 

"ano de 1813." 
Beneath the inscription is a square and compass. 

There is also a monument of very recent construction, 
to the eastward, within the same enclosure, much 
higher and of a widely different character, as is evi- 
denced by the inscriptions that follow. On the west 
side, fac^g the one just described, is— 

"OUK DEAD. 

"In Memory of our loved ones who gave their lives 
in defence of the Confederate States." 

Beneath this are twenty -three names, the majority 
of which must have come from the native population, 
and on the east side, facing the river, is seen — 

"Erected by the Ladies' Memorial Association of 
St. Augustine, Fla., A. D. 1873." 

On this side there are a like number of names, two- 
thirds of them being evidently of Minorcan or Spanish 
origin. The north and south sides bear a Latin cross. 

The Post Office and Court Rooms now occupy what 
was in English and Spanish times, the Governor's 
house. Next, and north of this, stands the Convent, 
and as we turn towards the river, we find the Old 
Cathedral, the oddity of its appearance, the misshapen 
belfry and general show of neglect of exterior alone 
making it worthy of examination. The interior has 
been brushed up a little. It is, however, one of the 
sights of St. Augustine, and must be taken in to com- 
plete the picture. The bright side of St. Augustine 
is its fine hotels, the "St. Augustine," kept by Captain 
Vail, fronting the Plaza and next the river, and the 
"Magnolia," on St. George street, at either of which a 
copy of this book may be had complimentarily. The 



84 



a ^ 




85 

Sea-Wall affords a delightful walk, and much sport 
may be found upon the river. At the extreii^e north 
end of the wall, stands the old fort, San Marco, now 
called Fort Marion, the walls of which frown gloomily 
upon us as we attempt to unveil its past history. Its 
construction was commenced in 1620, and finished in 
1756, by convict labor chiefly. The material compos- 
ing the walls is coquina. The walls are twenty-one 
feet high, with bastions at each corner of its trapezium 
form, and enclose an area of sixty yards square. The 
principal Entrance is approached through a barbican 
and over a drawbridge. Over the entrance may be 
seen the Spanish coat of arnis, l)eneath which, nearly 
obliterated, is the inscription, (reduced to English) — 

"Don Fernando VI., being King of Spain, the Field 
Marshal, Don Alonzo Fernando liereda. Governor and 
Captain of this city of St. Augustine, Florida, and its 
provinces, finished this cftstle in the year 1756. The 
Captain of Engineers, Don Pedro de Brozas y Garay, 
superintending the work." 

The altar stone of the old chapel is shov/n. and, alto- 
gether, a visit to the old fort is quite pleasant. But 
the story of the finding of iron cages inclosing human 
skeletons must lose its horrible interest Avhen the fol- 
lowing letter is read. It is an answer to one of Jiiine 
of inquiry on the subject — 

"SMlTllbO.MAN InSTHTTE. 

"John L. Edwards, Jacksonville, Fla. 

"Sir— In reply to 3'om' letter of July 20th, we havH 
"to say that no objects such as those said to liave been 
"found in the dungeon of the old fort at St. Augug- 
"tine, have ever been received by us, although we are 
"aware that the im.pression is otherwise. 

"Truly Yours, &c., Joseph Henky, 

"Secretary Suiithsonian Institution." 

The absence of the Indians from Fort .Marion, (San 
Marco,) is accounted for officially, by wliat follows 
liere — 



86 



THIS EXCELLENT WINE HS MANUFACTURED 

UNDER IMY OWN SUPERVISION, AT MY 
ESTABLISHMENT IN ST. AUGUSTINE, FLORIDA, 
AND I CORDIALLY INVITE TOURISTS TO VISIT ME. 

IT IS HIGHLY REC OMMENDED BY 

PHYSICIANS FOR- ITS MEDICINAL 

QUALITIES, 

AND AN IN VALUABLE WINE i 

CULINARY PURPOSL . 

For Particulars as to price, &c., call on or 
address 

ST. AUGUSTINE, FLA. 



87 



Office of Assistant Quartermastee, 
St. Augustine, Fla., Sept. 27, 1880. 
Mr. John L. Edwards, Jacksonville, Fla. 

Sir — The Commanding Officer has directed me to 
acknowledge receipt of your note of the 21st inst., and 
to say in answer thereto that "Medicine Water" and 
all other Indians at one time confined in Fort Marion, 
were released by order of the War Department in 
May, .1878, and gturned over to" the Interior Depart- 
ment, by which the older ones were sent to Fort Sill, 
Indian Territory. The younger ones were sent to the 
"Hampton Normal Institute," Hampton, Ya., to be 
educated and taught different trades, which proved to 
be a very successful experiment. All but seven of the 
Indians outlived their confinement and left here in 
perfect health. Very Respectfully, 

'^ Ja8. R. MoAuliff, 

2d Lieut, 5th Art'y., Post Adjutant. 

At the southern extremity of the place, are the Uni- 
ted States Barracks, on the ground formerly occupied 
by the Franciscan Monastery, ('lose by this is the 
militarj burial ground, where the remains of Major 
Dade's commaud, over one hundred, rank and file, 
who were massacred by the Indians at the opening of 
the Seminole war, "lie inurned in three pyramids. 
There are other marks of regard for the valorous dead 
met with in this quiet, meditative place— this last sad 
home, where sorrowing friends have carefully laid 
away their loved ones till the last trump shall quicken 
again to life immortal. The Old Gate, standing sen- 
try-like at the end of St. George street, is an inter- 
esting relic, and deserves special notice as being the 
last vestige of the wall and bastions of defence that 
over a century ago surrounded "San Augustin." (Mr. 
Dewhurst, the Postniaster of St. Augustine, has in 
press a complete history of tliis interesting locality, 
which will soon be offered for sale.) The St. Johns 
Railway, which connects the place with Tocoi, upon 



8S 

8T. AUGUSTINE, FLORIDA. 



MANUFACTURER OF 



ALL OOODS PUT UP WITH 

Fresli Frssit and MeHned 

WARRANTED NOT TO FERMENT. 

TER.^J^^D SWEET. 

GnavM Jelly and Marninlacle. 

Preserved FIGS, GUAVAS, ORANGES, 

LIMES, LEMON aud CITRON, 

lu heavy Syrup in Quart and Piut Glass 

Jars and Tin, 

ORANGE BLOSSOM SYRUP. 

Orders put up specially for family use. No charge for 
packing or freight on orders of ?10 or upwards to any 
Atl^n ti<; seaport. On orders of 97,. 75 cents addi tionaU 



S9 

the St. Johns river, is in excellent order and now run- 
ning two trains daily, except Sunday. As present ar- 
fangements are, and they are likely to continue, per- 
sons going to St, Augustine had better take the steamer 
Eliza Hancox. She is a staunch boat, swift, trim 
Without and clean within, and makes the first train, 
which is advantageous in securing rooms. In coming 
out from the Ancient City, the early train is also the 
best for passengers going to Palatka, as they will make 
the Hancox and go through without stopping at minor 
points, securing the same advantages at Palatka as to 
hotel accommodations. 

PRINCIPAL PLACES ON THE ST. JOHNS EIVEK. 

(See Distance Table.) 
By taldng any boat of the "De Bary Through Line," 
(this is the only line running through from Jacksonville 
to Sanford, daily, except Sunday, and carrying the 
United States Mail,) of which the new steamer "Fred 
De Bary'ls the finest that cleaves the darlv waters of the 
St. Johns, tourists are enabled to reach any point on the 
river without change. The first landing of note, south 
of Jacksonville, is 

fr MANDARIN, 

a small village on the east bank of tlie river, and one 
of the oldest settlements in the State. Near the land- 
ing, almost liidden among fine old oaks and orange 
trees, is the home of tlie celebrated authoress of 
''Uncle Tom's Caljin," Mrs. Harriet Beecher Stowe. 

HIBERNIA AND MAGXOLIA 

are on the opposite side of the river, and can furnish 
very comfortable accommodations. 

GREEN COTE SPRINGS. 

This beautiful place of winter resort is general]}'' 
conceded to be one of the finest on the river. One of 
its attractions ia the famous spring, whence the piftc© 



9U 



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Q 

PC 


H 




&? 



D 






CO ^ 



&^ 



o 

i-H 

Eh 



o 
ft 

«2 



C 



<1 






Nl 






P=q 

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I— t 






91 



takes its name. The water of the spring is clear as 
crystal, somewhat sulphurous, and said to possess val- 
uable medicinal properties. The hotels are good, and 
a great luxury may be found in the baths supplied with 
water, constantly fresh, from the spring. Its tempera- 
ture, we are informed, is seventy-five degrees Fahren- 
heit. 

PICOLATA 

is only remarkable as the site of an ancient Spanish 
town and the original route between the river and St. 
Augustine. 

TOOOI. 

This is the river terminus of the St. Johns Railway, 
which extends to St. Augustine. (Distance 14 miles. 
Time, 45 minutes.) Otherwise, the place has little 
interest for anyone. 

PALATKA. 

(See Distance Table.) 
This thriving town is very finely located upon the west 
bank of the river. It extends on the river front about 
half a mile, and occupies quite an elevated site. It 
was a military post during the Indian war. The citi- 
zens of the place are chiefly engaged in the orange and 
other fruit culture and trade. The stores are well 
stocked with such goods as are suitable to the circum- 
stances of its people and the wants of visitors. Cu- 
riosities form a large portion of the winter business. 
There is one place in particular worthy more than 
ordinary mention— that of J. H. Fry, Taxidermist and 
Numismatist. Having examined his stock, we com- 
mend the place to all connoisseurs and persons of taste 
as holding within its walls the best preserved and 
finest selection of Florida birds in the world. Mr, 
Fry is a practical man, who commands one's confi- 
dence at sight. There is to be seen here a collection of 
very rare and valuable coins, probably unequalled in 
America, and an interesting lot of pre-historic articles 
belonging to the stone age. Were it not that we know 



92 



Id Oe^d ^Si^lbi3^J^3 ME(d 4IS/d( 



WHOLESALE AND RETAITi 

ST. AlTGrSTlNE, FLA. 



Choice Wines aiad L,iqfsors 

for Medicinal Use. 



%es, 



ami 



acms. 



^-^PHYSICIANS' PRESCRIPTIONS 
ACCURATELY COMPOUNDED. 



93 

the place to be a trading depot, scenes in the British 
museum, or the grand gallery of the Louvre might for 
the moment seem equalled, and in some respects sur- 
passed in this unpretending shop. Indeed, if for no 
otherieason, this alone is enough to attract visitors to 
Palatka. For all other articles in the curiosity line, 
we decidedly prefer the houses in Jacksonville. 

The streets are wide and regular, and in fine weather, 
although "side-walks" are scarce, a pleasant ramble 
can always be indulged in. Beyond the Larkin House 
is a magnificent grove of tall and statelj^ oaks and 
odoriferous magnolias, from whose branches pend in 
long wavy tresses that Spanish moss so well known to 
Florida visitors, and so beautiful to the eye. This 
moss, in scientific language, Tillandsia usneoides, although 
by many supposed to live upon the sap of the tree 
and said to be destructive, is nevertheless non- 
parasitic, and a plant closely allied to the delicious 
pineapple. Directly in front of this grove is a 
well protected bay, (an elbow of the !St. Johns) 
where boating and fishing is always safe and pleasant. 
Back of the town, shout a mile, there is quite a high 
hill, nearly one hundred feet above the level of the 
river, from which a fine view presents itself. The 
Lake City, Gainesville, Ocala and Charlotte Harbor 
Railroad is under contract and now being built from 
this point. Opposite the town are several fine Orange 
Orchards, among them, that of Col. Hart. Tliey are 
worth visiting. Boats can always be procured to cross. 
Steamers for the Ocklawaha River continually run 
from here. Those of Captain Bouknight's line, the 
"Tuskawilla" and "Forester," make M-weekly and 
semi- weekly trips to Silver Springs and to Okahumkee, 
respectively. The following '■■ 

DISTANCES ON THE OCKLAWAHA RIVEE 

are kindly furnished by Captain Bouknight for this 
work, and should be preferred to those already given — 



94 



THE ONLY RELIABLE UNDERTAKER 

IN ST. AUGUSTINE. 

—WHO HAS— 

Tlae Celebrated 

EiaMii liffllic BiirM Catt, 

CONTAINING AN 

lIBilillie PBOCiSS 

WHICH IS SIMPLE, BUT COMPLETELY 
EFFECTUAL, WHEREBY THE BODY 
OF A DECEASED PERSON CAN 
BE PRESERVED IN A LIFE- 
LIKE MANNER. 
(Only for sale in this city at my rooms.) 

ALSO, ROSEWOOD, WALNUT & GLOSS 

WHITE BURIAL CASES 

AND CASKETS. 

ROBES, SHROUDS AND EMBLEMS, 

WITH EVERYTHING 
USUALLY KEPT in a FIRST-CLASS UN- 
DERTAKING ESTABLISHMENT. 

Bodies Kept on lee if Friends Desire it. 

ROOMS OPBN DAY AND NIGHT. 
LOCATED ON ST. GEORGE ST.. 

W« A. KEMNAK5 

ST. AUGUSTINE, - FLORIDA. 



95 

FEOM PALATKA TO 

Miles. 

Sail ISlateo, on St. Johns River 5 

Welaka, " " " 25 

Ocklawaha River, (Mouth of) 26 

Davenport, upon the Ocklawaha 34 

Fort Brooke, " " 61 

Orange Spring, " " 63 

lola, " " 76 

Forty Foot Bluff, " " 80 

Eureka, " '• 94 

Sunday Bluff, " " 96 

Palmetto, " " 102 

Gores, " " 108 

Deurisosa, " " 114 

Grahamville, '• " US 

Limpkin Bluff, " " 122 

Silver Springs Run, " 127 

Silver Spring, " l'!(> 

Lake Ware Landing " 151 

Moss Bluff, upon the " lo4 

Stark. " " 188 

Orange Hope, " " 190 

Slighville, " " 194 

Leesburg, " '• 201 

Lake Griffin P.O. '• " 209 

Lovell's, " " 220 

Fort Mason, " " 230 

Pendryville, " " 233 

Esperance, " " 255 

Yalaha, " " 260 

Helena, " " 273 

Okahunikee, " " 275 

Halt's line also runs from here up the Ocklawaha to 
Silver Springs, to Lakes Grifiin, Eustis and Astatula, 
and to Okaiiumkee, and there is a very cosy little 
steam yacht, the "Escort," making daily round trips 
between Crescent City and here, (about three hours' run 
either way.) This vessel is in excellent trim and de- 
serves patronage. Before we depart the place it may 
be well to say there are good hotels in it. The Larkin 
House is picturesquely built, fronting the water, and 
one of the finest hotels Florida boasts, while the old 
time steady St. Johns is still holding forth under the 
management of the brothers Petermann. Graham's 
Restaurant, on the corner of Lemon and Water streets, 



96 




ST. AUGUSTINE, FLA. 



THIS spacious aud elegant Hotel having 
been enlarged to double its former ca- 
pacity, offers superior accommodations to 
the traveling public. 

It has a southerly front of 200 feet upon 
the Plaza or Public Square, and an easterly 
front of 160 feet upon the Bay, with wide 
piazzas and hanging balconies from each 
story overlooking the City Bay and Atlantic 
Ocean. 

The House has been entirely refitted and 
refurnished throughout ; the Dining Room 
Parlors, Billiard Room, Restaurant and 
many of the Sleeping Rooms, have been ele- 
gantly frescoed during the past summer. 
It is lighted with gas and provided with 
every modern improvement, including water 
conveniences, electric bells, etc. 

E. E. VAIL, 

PROPRIETOR. 



97 



furnishes every article in tlie market that nourisheth 
and pleaseth the inner man, according to the taste and 
order of eacli customar. The house is being enlarged, 
and will soon be an hotel on the European plan. 

The "Eastern Herald," the Arabian Nights of the 
Alligator, still holds forth under our friend G. W. 
Pratt. Visitors and lovers of the wonderful should 
patronize this lively little paper. Any one of our 
friend's Alligator stories is worth tenfold the annual 
subscription figures. 

Leaving Palatka, and passing the Post Office land- 
ings of San Mateo and Buffalo Bluff, we reach Welaka, 
which is situated opposite the entrance to the Ockla- 
waha, and is a fine and thriving settlement, with school, 
church and stores. There are some fine groves near 
it, one of wiiich belongs to Mrs. H. W. Beecher, and 
the oldest one belonging to Mr. Chas. B- Fen wick, 
(now purser of the "De Bary,) and Mr. C. Hale. 
Mr. Fenwick will furnish information. 

GEOBGETOWN 

stands at the north entrance to Lake George and oppo- 
site Drayton Island. (This island contains some 1,500 
acres of good land, and is sometimes called Rembrandt.) 
This and the next landing are very neat places and 
strike the eye as if owned and cared for by persons of 
means, accustomed to comfort. 



is a very neat looking place, about five miles beyond 
the northern entrance of Lake George, and is consid- 
ered a good location for the culture of oranges. 

LAKE GEOEGE 

itself is a very pleasing expanse of about 12 miles long 
and some nine miles wide, its surface being almost 
covered with every sort of wild duck and other water 
game, while its depths are crowded by the finny tribe 
so thickly as to almost make fishing a labor. This 



98 



.t 



PALATKA, FLORIDA. 

Your attention is called to the accommodations and 
advantages afforded to Winter Boarders by the 



SITUATED ON T.HE ST. JOHNS RIVER, PALATKA, 

Z FLORIDA, 

SVliich Avill open about December loth, ISSO, for the re- 
ception of guests in pursuit of an equable climate, com- 
bined with the recreations of 

Fishing, Gunning, Coaling, &c. 

PersoiTS of delicate health, seeking the protection of a 
niild.and steady temperature, where the thermometer 
seldom falls below 60 degrees, will find>ur House 

71ie Largest and Finest on the St, 
Johns River, 

It is South of Jacksonville and St. Augustine, and has 
room for 250 persons, and is arranged 

WITH ALL THE MODERN CONVENIENCES. 

L:^mnj^ & :4LLEK 

Proprietors, 

D. F. LARKIN, of Larkin House, ^Yatch Hill, R. L 



99 

sheet of water and surrounding banks form ti-uly one 
of the elysiums of the votaries of Nimrodand Walton. 
Five miles beyond Lake George is 

VOLUSIA, 

on the east bank of the river, the site of another old 
Spanish place, now obliterated. Over one hundred 
years ago, an Englishman named Rolles, obtained a 
Spanish grant of about 40, 000 acres at this point, which 
he called Charlottia. Rolles undertook to colonize the 
place, and among others, brought with him from Eng- 
laud a large number of abandoned women of the streets. 
All his efforts were fruitless and tlie colony suffering 
from want and sickness, broke up, Georgia"^ and Caro- 
lina sharing with Florida in the distribution of the 
people. 

ASTOE. 

This place has its name from Mr. William Astor, of 
iS'ew York and Jacksonville, who owns a large tract 
of land here, called the "Astor Grant." The wharf 
at this landing is substantial, with a good freight depot. 
It is the initial point of the St. Johns and Lake Eustis 
Railway, which runs hence to Fort JMason, on Lake 
Eustis, distance 26 miles, and there connects with 
steamer for Leesburg, on the Ocklawaha, 15 miles from 
Fort Mason. This road is narrow gnage, has good 
passenger accommodations, and the run is made daily 
in two hours, either way. It is a beneficence to the 
country, as it opens up the whole distance between the 
St. Johns and Ocklawaha rivers to a quick and easy 
market. A. J. Lane, Esq., of Macon, Ga., is Presi- 
dent, and T. J. Davis, of Fort Mason, Superintendent. 

HAWKINSVILLE 

might better be named Coquina, as it is the only place 
upon the St. Johns resting upon a coquina bed. As a 
burned child dreads tire, we will attempt not to account 
why or wherefore this is, so., but leave the geologist 



100 

JAS. H. FRY, 



Corner Front and Lemon Sts., 
PALATKA, FLA. 

Dealer in All Kinds of 

STRICTLY FLORIDA 

SKINS of EVERY SOET PREPARED 
TO ORDER. 

A Full Line of Feathers 
Including' Fans. 

Inspection Invited. 



10 



alone with his hobby. Perhaps J'vobinson Crusoe, 
GulUver, or Kip Van Winkle can enlighten the curious 
If these authorities are not handy, ask any ancient 
"cracker" at the landing ; he will surely explain all. 
But if you are wise, keep it sacred, hug it to your 
bosom closer than your mother-in-law ; it is intended 
for you alone. 

DE LAND. 

The new lauding is about 4i^ miles from the settle- 
ment, where, we understand, the people are very pros- 
perous, and consider their situation equal to the best 
on the St. Johns river. 

BLUE SPKING, 

two and a half miles from Orange City, (by hack or 
a-f oot-back. ) This spring is supplied from below with 
a free admixture of sulphur. It is about one-fourth 
of a mile from the river line, where the mingling of 
the waters can be plainly seen. Orange City is said to 
be a very thriving place with a fine surrounding coun- 
try. But the finest of all, and the one spot lovely, 
secure of advancement and filling up the most rapidly 
with wealth, energy and intelligence, is 



i^yA COPY OF THIS BOOK SENT 
TO AN f ADDKESS ON RECEIPT OF 
25 CENTS TO COVER TIME and EX 
PENSE IN MAILING. 

Best Map of Florida extant, $1.25 poBt paid. 
JOHN L. EDWARDS, 
P. O. B. 786. JacksoDvilie, Fla 



102 

y^m. McL. »ANCY, H.Il.S. 

Graduate Class 1872, 
PHILADELPHIA DENTAL COLLEGE, 



lllfliE 



Office (up stairs) 17| WEST BAY STREET 

Between Ocean and Pine streets, 
JACKSONVILLE, FLORIDA. 

PACKER OF 

INDIAN RIVER ORANGES a Specialty. 

Also, the Mandarin, Tangerine, Navel and 
otlie ■ finest fancy grades. 

This is the oldest house in the city and 
guarantees satisfaction. 

Remember the number, 22 Bay street, next 
to Post Office, Jacksonville, Fla. 

Packed and shipped to any part of the 
world. 



103 



8ANF0RD. 

(See Distance Table.) 

This town is delightfully situated upon high ground 
on the south side of Lake Monroe, running westward 
from Sanford Avenue about a mile and fronting on the 
lake. It is the gateway to the native home of the 
citrus family, the famous Orange County, and derives 
lis name from the owner of the "Sanford Grant," 
which covers an area of more than twenty-five square 
miles, being of the original Spanish grant to Thomas 
Atkinson, by whom it was sold to Moses E. Levy, 
through whose hands it became, by purchase, the pro- 
perty of General Finnegan, who again sold it to its 
present owner. General H. S. Sanford, late U. S. Min- 
ister to Belgium. The title has been approved by the 
United States Supreme Court. 

The streets of this promising, thriving town are laid 
out from east to west and from north to south: are wide, 
and about to be laid out with evergreen shade trees of 
the most luxuriant character common to Florida ; they 
have a thorough system of sewerage, and are well 
graded, with excellent drainage of twenty-five feet 
fall to the lake. A fine water- works is being construc- 
ted, which insures an endless supply of the purest 
quality from Island Lake, two and a half miles distant, 
whence the water will be drawn. The town has a 
money order post-office and also a telegraph office con- 
nected with San Mateo, Palatka, Tocoi, St, Augustine 
and Jacksonville, and thence throughout the globe. 
There is also a branch office of the Southern Express 
Company here, and about one mile from town a fine 
fair ground and trotting course, covering about twenty- 
five acres. "The South Florida Railroad," a well 
equipped narrow guage railway is now running from 
Sanford to Maitland, where there are two good hotels, 
and to Orlando, the county seat, (twenty-two miles 
southwest of Sanford,) where Mr. Bruce keeps the 
only comfortable place for visitors. This road has a 



t. Johns Hots!, 

Palatka, Florida. 

UNDER THE SAME MANAGEMENT 
SINCE 18<i6. 

Xliigi Molei liag been re- 
cently Palsited and 

opeo for tlie accoiiiii3®d^« 
tion ol tlse piiblice 

3>To effort -^^ill Toe spared 

for tlie Oomfort a^nd -<^o- 

coi^rLz^aod-aution of oiar 

O-TJLests- 

Special Terms by the Week, 

Open all the year round 

PROPRIETORS, 



105 



projected extension to Charlotte Harbor, the comple- 
tion of which is assured by the demands of the inval- 
uable section of country that it will open up. In ad- 
dition, under the general incorporation act of the State, 
charters have been applied for to build two other liues 
from Sanfoid, one to the Indian River, and the other 
to Ocala, on the Ocklawaha. Their early construction 
is implicitly believed in. iSanford and its immediate 
neighborhood has become so popular a resort, owing to 
the salubrity of its climate, a fine hotellias been built 
and is now open under the management of Messrs. A. 
R. Hale & Son, of Watch Hill, R. I., who are evi- 
dently at home in the business. The ' 'Sanf ord House, " 
of which we are now speaking, has accommodations 
of a superior class for one hundred guests, and will 
shortly be enlarged. It has electric bells and bath- 
rooms. The ofRce, ladies' parlor, gents' reading room, 
dining rooms and hallways are lofty, airy, well lighted, 
day and night, and furnished aufait, and the table sup- 
plied beyond all ordinary expectations. An aroma of 
easy gentility pervades the w^holc establishment, con- 
straining one to shake off his brusque manner ere en- 
tering its doors. No genuine comfort, however, is in 
the least marred, and in all justice, it must be said, the 
house is decidedly the best in South Florida. Another 
first-class hotel is required here. No question exists 
as to the success of one, if erected and properly con- 
ducted. No competition could possibly ensue as there 
are hundreds of people, all the season, who would re- 
sort there if genteel quarters were at their command. 
The business houses in the town, at first glance, seem 
far beyond the needs of the place, but when it is un- 
derstood that Sanford has, in Orange county, the best 
back country on the St. Johns river, all is accounted 
for. Stafford & Ellis keep iiere a full line of Stoves, 
Hardware, Tinware, Tools, and Furniture. There are 
four large stores with a general assortment of goods, 
two others that keep Groce'-ics exclusively, and two 
Drag Stores. Hester's Billiard Room, and the City 



106 

— OF — 

OCKLAWAHA 

steamers Okahumkee, 

Osceola, Marion, 

Astatula. 

The boats of this line run regularly throughout the sea- 
son from JACKSONVILLE and from PALATKA 
to all points on the OCKLAWAHA KIVER. 

TsiTole auiid. .^^ooojociiociodLau- 
tions g-TO-aranteed. 

For Passage and rates of Freight, apply to 

H. L. HART, Palatka, Fla 



107 



Hotel, on the "European plan," with a good Livery 
Stable attached, kept by Geo. E. Sawyer. There is 
also a Carriage Factory, Carriage Repair Shop, Steam 
Saw and Planing Mill, Sash, Door and Blind Factory, 
Sign and Ornamental Paint Shop, Blacksmith Shop, 
and the shops of the South Florida Railroad, where 
the company build their own freight cars. There are 
many other branches of trade greatly needed in Sanford, 
and a warm welcome, with earnest encouragement on 
the part of its people, await those who may cast their 
lot with the progress of the place. It is a busy little 
hive, where none need want who care willing to work. 
The shadow of mendicancy is unknown, and the 
locality is fast filling up with an intelligent, energetic 
and wealthy class of people. The "South Florida 
Journal," published at Sanford every Thursday, is a 
valuable adjunct to the prosperity and intelligence of 
the people. Sites have recently been selected for a 
school house and three churches, Methodist, Episcopal 
and Presbyterian. When so much can be truly said of 
so young a place, its steady progress and future wealth 
stand undoubted. Lake Monroe is a magnificent sheet 
of water, with Sanford on its south side and Enter- 
prise on the north. It is well stocked with fish, and in 
the spring time, duck hunting is a source of both sport 
and profit. By going a mile or so outside of Sanford, 
with a good dog and a gun, if one knows how to use 
it, wild turkey, quail, small game in variety, and birds 
of beautiful plumage may be met with and great sport 
had. 

Land on the Sanford Grant is now offered for sale in 
lots to suit purchasers, at prices varying, according to 
the location and quality, from $1 upwards, per acre, 
on easy terms and long time to actual settlers. The 
property is, for the most part, an old Spanish Grant, 
confirmed under our treaty with Spain by the Supreme 
Court, and consequently has a perfect title. 

Nine years ago Orange county had but a population 
of 800 to 1,000 people, and its acreage of taxable land 



108 



1! FOE TIE OiLAWAl. 

THE NEW AND FINELY FURNISHED STEAMER 



CAPTAIN A. N. EDWARDS, 

Makes Tri- Weekly Trips between 
Palatk:a Sl Silver Spring, 



Leaving PrJ.atkaeverv ilOXD.VY. WEDNESDAY and 
FRIDAY, at 9 A. M., ref uniiivn v^ithout delay, and mak- 
ing the round trip in tliirty-six lioui's. 

THE STEAMER 



w^m.'mm^'mm. 



Leaves JACKSONVILLE every SATURDAY, atG P. M., 
lor OKAHUMKEE and all points on tiie Ocklawaha, 
returning to Palatka every THURSDAY mor Aing, and 
Jacksonville same evening. 

Apply at the general officeof the line in Palatka, or to 
any' Ticket Agent in Jacksonville. 



109 

but 75,736 acres, which was valued at $32,828, and 
the improvements on the same, in the shape of build- 
ings, orange groves, &c., were valued at $31,035 — wild 
land, unimproved, was valued at 4S^ cents per acre at 
that time. In 1878 the tax assessment of Orange 
county shows that the acreage of land has increased to 
161,184 acres, which are valued, with the improve- 
ments, at the sum of $778,103. In this assessment, 
wild lands, or unimproved lands, are assessed at $1.25 
per acre. The population has increased to over 8,000 
people. These great changes denote the attractions 
offered by the charming climate and its generous soil, 
with its great capabilities for the production of the 
orange and lemon. 

This section is now universally recognized as the best 
in Florida for the cultivation of the orange and lemon, 
in view of exemption from injurious frosts, accessi- 
bility to market, and facilities for transportation. It 
is a notable fact that during the most severe cold the 
thermometer ranged 10 degrees higher than 100 miles 
further north on the St. Johns river. And the unusu- 
ally severe frost which occurred in December, 1380, did 
no damage to the fruit crop in Orange county. 

The soil best adapted to the orange is the high, roll- 
ing, somewhat sandy, pine land. (Some of the low 
land proves exceedingly productive.) Hon. H. S. 
Sanford, the proprietor of the Grant, has successfully 
planted 125 acres at "Belair," three miles back from 
the Lake, on lands of this character, in oranges and 
lemons (in all, some 50 varieties of the citrus family,) 
olives, almonds, pineapples, vines, guavas, and many 
other kinds of semi-tropical fruits and plants. This 
land is especially adapted to the cultivation of the 
fruits above mentioned, while the lower lands are 
more suitable for market gardening. 

There are some 100 groves on the Grant, aggregat- 
ing 70,000 trees, and among them one of the oldest 
groves in the State. It is nearly 45 yeais old, and 
from 750 trees yields, annually, from $4,000 to $6,500. 



110 




SANFORO, 

ORANOE COUNTY, FLA. 

THIS HOUSE IS ADVANTAGEOUSLY SITUATED 
UPON THE SOUTH SIDE OF 



IN THE MIDST OF THE MOST THRIVING TOWN 

IN FLORIDA, AND SURROUNDED 

BY THE 

iFinest Orang-e O-ro^res 



IN THE STATE. 
Every Facility for FISHING, BOATING and PLEAS- 
URE DRIVING Through the Groves. 
Tiiis House has all modern improvements and an un- 
stinted larder. 

;';,. ^ :iO;.l I:--.'i:,. (^ l" l': ^ z A i" 1 11 15. 

A. R. HALE & SON, Proprietors. 



Ill 

The laud on the Lake is generally low, with pine, 
cypress and cabbage palm trees; it rises gradually as 
it recedes from the lake, into high, rolling land, of 
light, apparently Sandy soil, covered with yellow pine 
trees, interspersed with "black-jack" and occasional 
* 'hummock" of hard timber, which gives the richest 
known soil — the whole dotted with beautiful, deep, 
clear water lakes of living spring water. Muck is 
abundant, and very valuable for fertilizing purposes. 

The lands of the grant are especially desirable to 
those wishing to plant an orange or lemon grove, as it 
offers especial attractions in the facilities near at hand ; 
churches, schools, transportation, mail, express, tele- 
graph, stores, (fee. , all being within easy reach, and 
living expense, therefore, greatly reduced and comfort 
increased. 

Its location, on the south side of Lake Monroe, is 
very favorable for the growth of fruits, as it gives 
almose complete protection from frost. 

The condition of the Swedes Colony, established in 
1871, by immigrants from Upsala, (brought out by 
Gen. Sanford,) affords the best possible evidence of 
the healthfulness of the Grant, and of what can be 
accomplished on its soil by a poor man who will work. 
Some of their lands, (now fine orange groves, ) given 
to them in 1871, in five acre lots to each head of a 
family, are now worth from $3,000 to $8,000, without 
the investment of a dollar on their part. 

The Grant, and a belt of country westerly, of 10 to 
15 miles in width, to Lakes Eustis and Dora, is almost 
exclusively peopled from the Eastern, Northern and 
Western States, and contains some very fine groves and 
improvements, and a population remarkable for its 
taste and culture, and easy circumstances. Commenc- 
ing with Sylvan Lake settlement, adjoining the Grant, 
and the center of over 80 families, Sorrento, Alta- 
monte and Pendryville, all are from these sections ; 
and more southerly, Apopka City and region, Long- 
wood, Maitland, Orlando, the county seat, are all 



U2 





<9 






.^^ 







o 

0^ 

• pj 
oo 

O 
o 

PJ 





u 





113 

thrlviug communities, with a large Northern element. 
Fort Reed is two miles south, Mellon ville one mile 
east, Enterprise four and a half miles across the Lake, 
north. 

Strawberries and green peas, in fact most vegetables, 
can be had the winter through. Sugar-cane is raised, 
and produces superior sugar and syrup. Florida is 
destined to be the sugar producing State of the Union, 
for the cane tassels here, grows until Christmas, and 
can be ground all winter. Upland rice does well. 
The long staple cotton of Orange county has a reputa- 
tion, and is equal to the best "Sea Island*" The 
peach, fig and vine thrive well. The Delaware grape 
thus far proves the best and most profitable. It can 
be placed in the Northern market early in June. The 
honey bee abounds. 

This soil needs more care and fertilizers than the 
rich, alluvial lands of the Northwest, but repays with 
continuous crops and more profitable returns. Besides 
the requirements for clothing, shelter and fuel in this 
climate, where windows and doors can be left open the 
winter through, are far less than in the regions of snow 
and ice, and the luxury of out-of-door life, breathing 
this pure, balmy, health-giving air, amply compensates 
for the draw-backs attending settlement in a compara- 
tively new country. 

Sanford is situated near the eastern extremity of the 
Grant, on Lake Monroe, and enjoys the sea-breeze, 
(trade winds in summer,) blowing from the ocean 
through 28 miles of intervening pine forests, and which, 
alternating with the Gulf breeze, insures a salubrious 
climate, and makes the summer season more temperate 
and agreeable than that of the Northern States. 

There are lots in the town of Sanford for sale, and 
special rates and advantages in terms will be given to 
persons introducing new trades and business enter- 
prises. 

Mr. James E. Ingraham, whom we found equal to 
every inquiry, and probably the best posted gentleman 



114 






^■^ 



3 





H 

O 

O 

H 

Ph 
O 
P^ 

<1 



e 

M 



115 



in relation to Sanford, the Sanford Grant, and Orange 
county, will give every information desired by parties 
intending to locate or purchase, upon application to 
him at Sanford, personally or by letter. 

We had the pleasure of a twelve mile ride through 
the grounds of the Grant with the genial Ingraham, 
which will not be readily effaced from our memory. 
It was on Monday, January 17th, 1881. Think of it 
ye people of the land of "Uncle Sam." The day was 
fine, with a clear sky and bright sun, and the ther- 
mometer about 78 degrees Fahrenheit. Don't be 
afraid of the summer weather, for the climate simply 
is no extreme cold in winter, and no extreme heat in 
summer. We drove through fine lands, over good 
sand roads, until we reached the groves, among which 
is the "Swedes Settlement," with its church and school, 
where the children are taught in our language and that 
of their fathers. During the drive, several very fine 
places were passed, until we reached the "Belair," a 
splendid grove and grounds, where General Sanford is 
continually experimenting with tropical fruits and 
plants, many of which are very interesting, and all 
may be seen by visitors. From the Belair we were 
driven to the "Twin Lakes," where a very agreeable 
and intelligent gentleman, named Taber, owns a beau- 
tiful place- We are not aware of the extent of his 
grounds, but learned from him that twelve acres 
around his home, which he has cleared and improved 
in the past eight years, is worth fifteen thousand dol- 
lars to him. His location is eminently beautiful, but 
is not for sale. All about Mr. Taber are good open- 
ings, and as capitalists are more and more buying up the 
lands in large tracts for speculation, those who intend 
to follow the orange, fruit and vegetable production line 
of business, had better secure themselves promptly. The 
orange groves and farms are not the only beautiful 
things met with, for the lakes, which are very numer- 
ous and occupy a large part of the country, are nearly 



116 



Mo. 3 l?Vest Bay Sreet, 

"JACKSONVILLE, FLORIDA. 




Dealer in 












tp 



17 



all well stocked with fish, aud have nne locations for 
homes along their banks. 

We are quite satisfied, from special inquiry and per- 
sonal observation, that nearly all the land in the coun- 
ty, except swamp, will produce fruits and vegetables 
in paying quantities. The orange, being a little choice 
as to the place of its propagation, excludes sapie por- 
tions of the land, j^et, at least two-thirds of the wfiole 
area of the county will, with proper care, give arij^and 
every of the finest grades of this delicious fruit. The 
orange of this section will commend itself to connois- 
seurs as superior in succulence and flavor to the Indian 
River article, and being a little tougher skinned, will 
bear more handling, give better security for shipment, 
and remain unimpaired much longer. 

Labor can be obtained throughout the county to 
clear, fence, plant and cultivate lands for orange 
groves and other purposes at very reasonable figures. 

ORANGE COUNTY. 

The description of this county given below is from 
the State pamphlet entitled "Semi-Tropical Florida; its 
Climate, Soil and Productions," and is quite trust- 
worthy — 

"Orange is bounded north and east by Volusia coun- 
ty, which is separated from it bj" the St. Jolms river ; 
south by Brevard and Polk, and west by Polk, Sum- 
ter and Marion, with an area of 2,800 square miles. 
The county is generally high, rolling pine land, inter- 
spersed with clear water lakes, bays and hammocks. 
The rolling pine lands are of good quality and heavily 
timbered — soil dark gray loam, with sand on the sur- 
face, based upon yellow sandy loam, with a substra- 
tum of clay and marl. Portions are flat pine woods 
of less value. Some of the prominent lakes are Mon- 
roe, Jesup, Harney, Eustis, Apopka, Dora, Maitland, 
BuHer, and Tohopekaliga . These lakes are from three 
to fifty square miles in extent. There are innumerable 



118 

STAFFORO & EI.LIS^ 
SANFORD, FLA., 

DEALERS IN 

Irosij Steely Pumps^ Pipe 
and Fittiii^®^ 

BOLTS, NUTS, Pa3PES, CARPENTERS' TOOLS, &c 

MtiiMers^ Mard^^vare^ 

MILL, STEAMBOAT AND WAGON BUILDERS' 
SUPPLIES, 



TIN ROOFING, JOBBING AND REPAIRING 

A Specialty. 

ORDERS PROMPTLY FILLED. Any Article not in 
stock furnished witli prompt attention. 



119 



smaller lakes, with areas of from ten to a tliousaad 
acres. The shores are generally abrupt, rising in some 
cases to seventy feet above the water. Fish and game 
abound. Stock growing has been the predominent in- 
dustry until later years, with cotton, corn, and cane, 
but now fruit culture is absorbing general attention, 
and the orange, lemon, lime, citron, guava, pineapple, 
and banana, and every variety of southern fruit, are 
extensively cultivated. No county in the State has 
increased in population and improvement so rapidly 
during the last ten years as Orange, and large acces- 
sions from the Northern and Western States, of re- 
fined, cultivated and wealthy citizens, are constantly 
being made. A i-ailroad from Lake Monroe, the head 
of the larger class of steamboat navigation, to Orlan- 
do, the county seat, has been constructed, with a view 
to an ultimate extension south through the county, and 
to Tampa and Charlotte Harbor. The St. Johns and 
Lake Eustis Railway from Astor, on the St. Johns, to 
Fort Mason, on Lake Eustis, has also been completed, 
an extension of whicli to Leesburg will probably be 
made. The industiy, energj^ and progressive spirit 
manifested in this county is of the character manifest- 
ed in the North and IScrtliwest, and cannot fail of 
ultimate success." 

A run of four and a half miles across the lake ena- 
bles one to reach Enterprise, where tlicre is a good 
hotel, the "Brock House," near which is a fine sulphur 
spring. Enterprise is the county seat of Volusia, 
which extends south to 28 deg. 15 min. north latitude, 
bounded west by the St. Johns river, and thence spread- 
ing eastward to the Atlantic, embraces the Indian 
River to Merritt's Island. 

THE INDIAN RIVER 

-can be best reached by steamer from Sanford to Salt 
Lake, (about 50 miles) crossing over to Titusville, six 
miles by wooden tramwav. This is the best general 



120 



EVEKY FAMILY SHOULD HEAD THE 




Hifiii 




PUBLISHED WEEKLY IJY 

W"AY & OSBORN, 



EDITORS AND PROPRIETORS, 



ORANGE COUNTY, FLORIDA. 

TERMS— Out} Year, ^2.00. Six Months, S^l^O— Invariably 
in Advance. 

Its Large and Rapidly Increasing Circulation makesf 
it the Most De&irable Advertising Medium in all South 
Florida. 



SANFORD, FLA. 

Billiard HALL and BAM. 

("AROM AND POOL TABLES, 

By the Celebrated Makers, CoUendei-, of New York^ 

and Balke, 

"Wisies^ I^iquors, Ales, Ci- 
der and Cigars. 



Patronage Solicited. 



Good Order Insured, 



l^i 



i'oute. Thei'e ate numerous orange groves along the 
line of this river, one of which, the Dummitt Grove, a 
little north of Titusville, is among the finest and oldest 
in South Florida. This grove has just been purchased 
by an Italian gentleman, vv^ho, we are informed, in- 
tends to work it in future with people from Italy, who 
are to the manor born in fruit culture. Much benefit 
it is hoped will accrue to the State by the introduction 
of this class of laborers and gardeners. The only 
good orange growing ground lies on the immediate 
west bank of the river. It extends from Titusville to 
about north latitude 28 deg., but is non-continuous. 
The river is from one to five miles wide, about four 
feet deep, and south of Indian River Inlet is of fresh 
water. Its beach is sandy. Fish, turtle, deer, turkey' 
and small game are quite plentiful I)elow the narrows, 
a great drawback, to all of which is the myriad mos-- 
quito. 

THE OCKLAWARA RIVER. 

This river enters the St, Johns opposite Welaka, 
(25 miles south of Palatka, ) and will give as thorough 
satisfaction to the invalid or tourist for the money and 
time expended, as any trip we know of in the State. 
There are steamers running up the river almost every 
day from Palatka, belonging to Bouknight's line and 
Hart's line. They are specially built for the Ocklawa- 
ha trade, are necessarily cramped and inelegant, yet 
the most fastidious will surely enjoy the excursion. 
The mouth of this river is extremely narrow and bare- 
ly admits the steamer to pass, and there is much diffi- 
cult}^ in steering clear of the butts along its banks. 
The principal aim of this trip is to obtain a sight of 
the wonderful Silver Spring. The profusion of flow- 
ers, birds, alligators and other things, strange and in- 
teresting to naturalists and lovers of the beautiful, so 
charm the attention that one cannot leave the deck but 
to satisfy the demands of the inner man. 



Iiiaproniptti. 



(Elicited by a remark made by Mr. Gladstone in the 
British P>n-liament, during a debate upon the acquisl' 
lion of tlie Isle of Cyprus.) 

CYPRUS ISLEa 

Beautibus Cyi^rUs, thon'rt called a silly (8cilly) isle 
^y one out of nowen Mark liis ghastly smile 
While 'tempting such a witticism ? 'Twas a felon jok6, 
No patriot's head, no patriot's heart e'er nurtured such 

a stroke. 
■'Tv/as envy's shaft, bj^ envy's hand, aimed at brave old 

"Diz" 
By one, to shape liis own ends, would Old England let 

go fizz 
Xjy) like a rocket away in the air, dismembered, scattered 

everywhere; 
Or prove at tlie feet of the Russian Bear 
AVould lier flag liave laid, liad lie been there. 



Tlien- strike his name from the roll of fame 

His lands give to the^poor; 
His walls tear down e'en to the ground, 

And write this on his door- 
Here once there lived a man so base, 
Would have sold himselt and all his I'ace 
Por a whimsical use of power. 
But Old England's time's not come as yet, 
And her sons need neither fear nor fret 
While Disraeli holds an hour. 



So let English honor and English pride 

Place brave old "Dizzie" side by side 

With the noblest in the land, 

Kor ask not now what may betide, 

If the power be held by the opposite side, 

With the smiler in command. 

All honors conferred has Disraeli deserved— 

So long be his years and his health be preserved 

To enjoy the repose of a life well spent 

In the service of God and the daughter of Kent. 

.T» L. E, 



I2:i 



THE MOCKING BIRD 



is of all the feathery tribe, perhaps, the least preten- 
tious in garb. It is insectiverous, yet will live for 
many years upon "Mocking Bird Food," eggs, pota- 
toes, almost anything, if cleanliness be seemed. The 
head of this more than Kosignol is broad and intelli- 
gent, the eye bespeaks a self-conscious character, the 
throat being incomparably musical. This bird is ex- 
ceedingly game, and wliile quite common in Florida, 
a really good one, thoroughly domesticated, is a rarity 
and worth a great deal of money as a fancy article. 
Protection from cold, plenty of fresh air, sunlight, 
clean bathing water daily and ample cage room are 
essential to its plumage and existence. Any person 
who is willing to assume such cares, and happens to 
procure a first-class bird of this species, will never 
regret the trouble or expense incurred. 

HINTS. 

A trip along the St. Johns River incident to the col- 
lection of data for this work, suggests tlie propriety of 
cautioning the uninitiated against some of the deceits 
practised upon unwary persons. Jacksonville has re- 
cently evinced an intolerance of the little game of 
bunko, and driven the confidence men and other 
sharpers from her midst. The bunko man, however, 
clings to Florida as does an invalid to whom it is the 
only hope in life, his hope differing only in the char- 
acter of recuperation best suited to his case, that of 
his purse. The writer found a quartette nest of bunko- 
birds in St. Augustine, recently driven from Jackson- 
ville, and doubtless they will remain and scour the St. 
Johns' towns during the season. It is best to make no 
hurried acquaintances, (even introductions are dan- 
gerous.) Have no dealings with men or women who 
present themselves for recognition on the ground of a 
knowledge of persons who are relativtis, friends or 



124 

IJeBAllY 

MEECHAffi LIE Of STEiMS 

Carrying the U. S. Mail. 



'I^s^ 




THE STEAMERS 

FEED. DeBAEY, 

Captain W. A. Slunv. 
KOSA, 

CaDtain Jo. Smith. 
GEO. M. BIRD, 

Captain J. L. Amazeen. 

Will leave Jacksonville alternately, daily, at 4 p. m. 
from foot of Laura Street for San ford and all interme- 
diate landings, making close connections with the St 
Johns and Lake PJustis Railroad at Astor, also with the 
South Elorida Railroad at Sanford— narrow-guage steam 
road to Maitland, Orlando, etc. 

STEAMER FLORENCE, 

Capl. C. H. Brock, 

Leaves Palatka ever3' Monday, Wednesday and Fri- 
day at 8 a. m., for Sanford, i^lnterprise and Way Land- 
ings, flUNNiNG THROUGH BY DAY and returning to Palatka 
every Tuesday, Tliursday and Saturday. 

GEO. R. FOSTER & CO., Agents, 
W. B. WATSON, Manager. 
T. S. WALSH, Ticket Agent. 



!2:^ 



acquaintances, or who claim to be connected with 
respectable persons or tiriiis in distant parts of tlie 
country, and particu'ary to avoid all young or old 
w : have drawn a lottery prize, and simply vvish ymv 
coinpany to the otRce (?) where settleii-.ents are ::.ade. 
Ren!eiiil)er, occu.-iucy of quarters at ..rst . r any other 
class hotels, is no assurance of respectability: a!id as 
to dress, id exterior, though nev.r so ado:ne(i nor 
be-jeweled, can be trusted, for the bunko-nian and l)is 
confederates have niauy > hanges of clothing an<1 '.rin- 
kets, ^-hich they doff a..d don as oi'ten as the Chame- 
leon, and finality, if unfortunately inveigled by an , of 
them, brace up your manhood and refuse to invest in 
any game, no matter what its appeara .ce may be, for 
it is all bunko, which absolutely defined, means .-pen, 
barefaced robbery. ^ • 

On the upper St. Jchns, th ri . er narrows very much, 
except the .ake porti( n.-^. As a result, birds of ever} 
feather were wont to please the stranger eye witii their 
beaut}^, but the continual w.ait -n destruction of the 
beautiful creatures is either thinning their numbers or 
driving them sla' ~Y from the river. It is an into.era- 
lile nuisance, and is obbing our beautiful St. Johns of 
one of its principal attractions. The me of tire-arms 
as a diversion from the decks of passenger steamers ,'s 
very reprehensible as endangering the lives and limbs 
of better disposed persons, nd those Vviio have been 
educated in the belief that the amenities of li e entitle 
one to respect even v,dieretheiaw seems weak to rea.'ii 
those who disregard the connnon weal. It is a perni- 
cious practice, and clearly evidences a morbid disposi- 
tion to cruelty and a lack of manly cultuie whose 
place is supplied by a \ idiotic display of marksmanship. 
If men of mature yea s will insist upon foil wing this 
bad practice let them leave their pretences of respec- 
tability at hor^'C, and each one badge himself for the 
tdp — lam, as any one may see, an idiot or a rough. 
This will be sutficient excuse and good license, and 
good people wi 1 keep out of the way until a law can 



126 




m m^w ir o 



— AND — 

TOUCHING AT QUEENSTOWN. 
AND BETWEEN 

New York and London 

DIRECT. 

The fleet is composed of the following first-class, com- 
partment built Iron Steamships— 

EGYPT, 5,089 tons. SPAIN, 4,871. ENGLAND, 4,900. 
HELVETIA, 4,588. ERIN, 4,577. THE QUEEN, 4,471. 
ITALY, 4,341. GREECE, 4,310. CANADA, 4,276. HOL- 
LAND, 3,847. DENMARK, 3,724, and FRANCE, 3,676. 

These Steamships are unsurpassed by any line in the 
world. Their Saloons are elegant and the Cuisine of the 
very highest order. 

For rates of fare and all special information, apply 
personally or by letter to 

F. W. J. EURST, General Manager, 
69 and 73 Broadway, New York. 

Or to JOHN L. EDWARDS, Agent for Florida. 

Jacksonville, Fla. 
P. O. Box 786. 



127 



be framed to meet the wickedness. The true sports- 
man never recklessly destroys that which he knows he' 
cannot obtain possession of, or that which, when ob- 
tained, is valueless for either food or ornament. 

Another matter causing much dissatisfaction among 
our visitors, is the poor accommodations and ir.ean 
living furnished by many of the river boats. And to 
the visitors themselves, this trouble is in some degree 
chargeable. I:i seeking and urging cheap rates, one is 
but playing into the hands of the unscrupulous, who 
are as prompt in the boat business as in &ny other 
line to grasp the advantage. We have ever believed 
that that which is cheap is invariably nasty, and we 
are sure that in the case under consideration, the rule 
holds good. Be advised, if you will, by one who 
knows whereof he speaks. Purchase no ticket with- 
out first seeing what sort of a thing you are to travel 
on, and be ever suspicious of a low rate affair. Re- 
collect competition on the St. Johns is not of the nature 
of the olden time Drew vs. Vanderbilt steamboat war 
upon the Hudson. There it was who could give the 
best accommodations, make the fastest time, and 
afford the greatest security for the least amount of 
money — while here, it simply means poor boats, mis- 
erably furnished, cheap labor and cheaper food If 
these hints be not sufficient, a single trip on any of the 
cheap boats is a sure cure. Perhaps the steamboat 
men may draw some inference from these remarks, 
remembering that out, of the mouths of babes wisdom 
may sometimes come, and promptly go to work, weed 
out the stewards who fatten the officers and starve the 
passengers, have their cabins and rooms thoroughly 
cleansed and kept so, furnish good bed and bidding, 
put at least one clean towel daily for each person in 
every room, and try to keep a uniform set of either 
chairs or stools — not mixed — for passenger use. It is 
much easier to pass the inspection of our friend Head- 
man than that of a passenger who lives well at home, 
and patronizes the "St. James" at Jacksonville, and 



128 




A. B. CAMPBELL'S 

15 E. Say St., Jacksoii^^ille. 

PIANO- , I170 and up. ORGANS, $38 and up. 

Best Makers. Lowest Prices. EasieRt ?erms. 

Everything in tlie Music "iue, f om a Jewsharp to a 

(irand P ano. 

Send for catalogue and prices.* 



Fine JOB PRINTING at CAMPBELL'S 



129 



;'u8t that class of houses clear down to the "Sanford 
House," on Lake Monroe. Such an one can afford to 
pay for lie best accommodations and is only disap- 
pointed wiien obliged to accept something cheap, (?) and 
to this class of people we look for that which alone 
can correct the evil, the brand of public judgment 
borne in the denial of public patronage. 

THE POPULATION OF FLORIDA, 

According to t!ie "United States Census," published 
at Washington, D. C, in 1872, was- 

In iSaO, MS a Territory. 
T:i 1840, as a Territory, 
1/1850, as n State. ^ - 
In I8G0 aa « Stat-. 
In 1870, as a State, 

The ofUcial report for 1880 is as follows — 

Department of the Interior, 
Censt:s Office, 
Washington, D. C, January 6, 1881. 

T)i(^ following statement exhibits the results of the 
first count of population a cording to the schedules re- 
tuned to the census office by the enumerators of the 
several districts concerned. 

The statement of the population in relation to any 
tov.-nship, town, city or county is still subject to possi- 
ble corrections by rea?on of the discovery of omissions 
or duplications of names in the lists of inhabitants r.;- 
turued. 





Increase by 




Decades. 


34.730 




54,477 


19,747 


87,445 


32,963 


140,424 


52,979 


187,748 


47,328 



i30 

PROFESSIONAL CARDS, 



C. L. KOBIlSrSON, 

(Office Robinson's Block, Bay St., Jacksonville, Fla.) 

ATTORNEY AT LAW^, 

U. S. Shipping Commissioner, Commissioner of the 
U. S. Circui*; Com*t, and Notary Public. 



HORATIO JENKINS, Jr., 

ATTORNEY AT LAW, P. O. Building, (up stairs,) 
Jacksonville, Fla. 

HORATTO BISBEE, Jr., 
ATTORNEY AT LAW, P. O. Building, (up stairs,) 
Jacksonville, Fla. 

PHYSICIANS. 



C. J. KEN WORTHY, M. D., 

Residence S. E. corner Market and Duval Streets. 



JOHN N. NILES, M. D., 

Office and Residence 79 West Bay Street, Up Stairs. 



H. HUAU-CADORETTE, M. D., 

Residence 38 West State Street. 



131 



COTJUTIES. 


Total. 


White. 

i 


! Colored. 




16 462 
2 303 
6 112 
1 478 

1 579 

2 838 
9 589 

194 

17 344 
12 157 

1 791 

12 169 
6 790 

4 248 

5 814 

2 170 
14 372 
16 065 

2 440 
19 660 

5 767 

1 362 
14 798 

3 655 

13 046 
10 867 

6 635 

6 618 

3 153 
5 476 

4 535 
6645 
4 686 

7 162 

2 379 

3 294 
2 723 

4 201 
4 089 


6 444 

1 660 
4 822 
1 381 

1 183 

2 265 
4 820 

190 

7 689 

6 852 

1 199 
4 112 

4 472 

3 319 

4 ms 

2 043 

5 632 

3 397 
2 267 

2 817 

3 732 
814 

5 608 

3 517 

4 741 

7 659 
3 075 

5 595 
3 033 
3 257 

3 170 

4 772 

3 501 

4 022 
2 114 

2 756 
1 563 

3 682 
3 171 


j 10 018 


Baker 


643 


Bx'adlord. 


1 1 290 




1 97 


Calhoun 


396 


Clay 


573 

4 769 


Dade 


4 


Duval 


9 655 




5 305 


Franklin 


592 




8 057 


Hamilton 


2 318 


Hei'nando 


929 




911 


Holmes 


127 


Jackson 


8 740 




12 668 


LaFayette 


173 


Leon 


16 843 


Levy 


2 035 


Liberty 


548 




9 190 


Manatee 


138 


Marion 


8 305 
3 208 


Nassau 


3 560 


Grange 


1 023 


poik„ : 


120 


Putnam 

St. Johns 


2 219 
1 365 


Santa Rosa 


1 873 


Sumter 


1 185 


Suwannee 


3 140 


Taylor 


165 


Volusia 


538 


Wakulla 


1 160 


Walton 

Washington 


519 

918 






The State 


266 566 


141 249 


125 317 



These figures, for 1880, comprise 18 Chinese and 37 
Indians and half-breeds, but are exclusive of the Sem- 
inoles, who inhabit the Everglades and v^hose numbers 
are unknown. 



132 



MRS. E. A. DOUGLAS, 

29 E. Bay St., (near tlie Post-Ofliee,) 
JACKSONVILLE, FLORIDA. 

Florida Curiosities! 



AXD- 



Mm An Sceiw 

On Canvas, Panels, Shells, Sic, in Oil or 
Water Colors, 

STEREOSCOPIC FLORIDA VIEWS. 

CillS m ilili f IE lATIYE WOQDS 

Carved and Plain and of special 

designs to order. 

SEA BEANS, ALLIGATOR TEETH AND 

SHELLS mounted as Sleeve Buttons, 

Necklaces, Sets, &c., &c. 

Rice Sliell and Fisli Scale 

Every variety of Florida Shells, plain and 

decorated. Native Grasses, Palmetto 

Work, Birds and Live Alligators. 

LESSONS GIVEN IN 

©saw tog ai®C.^alMtois^ 



i:v^ 



FOLITICAL, 

Florida was ceded to the United States in 181 9, but 
complications afterwards arose which prevented the 
transfer taking place until 1831. On the 10th of July, 
of that year, it became a territory, and so remained 
until 1845, when, on the 3d of March, it was ad.i itted 
to the Union as a State. It is now represented in Con- 
gress by two Senators and two Representatives. 

The State Government consists of a Gove nor and 
Lieutenant Governor, elected by the people quadren- 
nially. (The Cabinet 'Oliicers Lre appointed b}' the 
Governor.) The present nicumbents are, 1881 to 1885 : 

Governor — William D. Bloxham. 

Lieut. -Governor— L. W. Bethel. 

Secretary of State — John L. Crawford. 

(Comptroller— W. D. Barnes. 

Attorney General— Geo. P. Raney. 

Commissioner of Lands and Inmiioration — H. A. 
Corley. 

Treasurer — Henry A. L'Engle. 

Adjutant-General — J. E. Yonge. 

There is a Legislature, Senate and Assembly elected 
by the people of the thirty-nine counties quadrennially 
and biennially respectively. A Supreme Court, con- 
sisting of three members— Chief Justice E. M. Ran- 
dall, Associate Justices R. B. VanValkenberg and J. 
D. Westcott. There are seven Judicial Districts, 
wherein the Circuit Courts hold semi-annually. In 
each county is a Judge of Probate, besides, .'jppointed 
by the Governor, and subject to removal for reasons 
sufficient unto him. In each county, are a Sheriff, 
County C^lork, Treasurer, Assessor, Collector, Justices 
of the Peace, who are ex-officio Coroners, and Notaries 
Public. Constables are elected every two years. All 
vacancies are filled by the Governor. 

CLIMATIC. 

The following is taken from the "Climatology of 



134 



11 EJast 13ay iSti'e'et:, 

Dealers in 

DBDGS, CHEMICALS HEMCfflES, 

FANCY AND TOILET ARTICLES, 

SPONGES, BKITSHES, PFRFlTMERf, 

etc., &C. 

Phj^sicians' Prescriptions carefully compounded, and 
orders answered with care and dispatch. 

Farmers and physicians from the country v/ill find 
6ur stoci: of Medicines complete, warranted genuine, 
and of the best quality. 



X. MURPHY'S 

MACHINE SHOPS, 

EAST BAY, Netir tlie SHIP YAED, 
JACKSONVILLE, FLA., 

IRON and BRASS 

FQund§r mnd Machinist. 

Agent for Ames' Portable and Stationery Engines. 
ENGINES, SAW MILLS, PUMPS AND MACHINE- 
RY in General Repaired at Short Notice. 
4®=^rASTINGS of any Pattern substantially made. 



135 



Florida," byC. J. Kenworthy, M. D. , of Jacksonville, 
Pi a., an inconiparablj'- unprejudiced work of thorough 
treatment of the subject, and one that will well repay 
patient or physician for its careful study. Dr. Ken- 
worthy says — 

"In the language of Dr. Lente, of New York, I 
make the attempt to enlighten the public, more espe- 
cially the medical public, on the subject of the climate 
of Florida, its adaptability as a health resort, and es- 
pecially to remove certain unfounded ideas and preju- 
dices which have been wide spread and deeply rooted 
in Northern communities. It is somewhat surprising 
that this should be the case with medical men, since 
positive information on the subject has all alwaj^sbeen 
accessible to them in the volumes of the Medical Sta- 
tistics of the United States Army, the Army Medical 
Reports, and the Reports of the Adjutant-General's 
Office." 

Dr. Kenworthy, in support of this statement, testifies 
from his personal knowledge, gained by residence in 
the State and careful study, says— Dr. Denison re- 
marks — "Of American climates of low elevation, we 
have the resorts of moist and sedative Florida," and 
thinks it should have been written "Portions of Florida 
possess a dry and bracing climate, while some locali- 
ties are more moist and sedative." 

Dr. Napheys says— "Lower dry climates— Cannes, 
Mentone, Minnesota, Northern Georgia." "Lower 
damp climates — Plorida, moist, changeable," 

Dr. Kenworthy meets this very neatl5^ De snjs — 
"But the facts in the case, if reliable observations are 
to be accepted, are the opposite of what Dr. Napheys 
has asserted," and supports his views with a tabulated 
statement made from the records of the places already 
named, together with Jacksonville and other Florida 
points. He says— "The mean relative humidity of 
the localities referred to, for the cold months, is as fol- 
lows— (Page 2.) 



180 



'|(i f lipiii . Iji] 



IS THE ONLY 



PUBLISE ED IN THE STATE. 



It gives full Associated Press DISPATCHES, pays espe- 
cial attention to State News, and makes the material de- 
velopment of the State one of its leading aims. It is 
first-class in every respect. 



IS A LAR(3^E 

EIGHT PAGE PAPER, 

Contains a well edited AGRICULTURAL DEPART- 
MENT, has a large and increasing cii'culation, and is an 
invahiable Advertising Medium to those who wish to 
reach the Farmers and Fruit and Vegetable Growers of 
Florida. 



Daily, per year UO 00 

" " 3 months 2 50. 

" monthly 1 00 

Weekly, per year $2 00 

" " six months 1 CO 

" " 3 months : 50 



Remit by P. O. Order, Draft, or Registered Letter. 
Make all orders payable to 

H. B. McCALLUM, 



187 



-i 



1 


1 


>. 

u 

5 




> 


o 


2 


•^ 1 


® 


li 




<X) 


^ 






'^ ! 



o ■a 



Cannes and Mentone.. 

Augusta, Ga 

Breckcnridge, Minn.... 

Tmluth, Minn ". 74,0 72.1 

St, Paul, Minn 

Jacksonville, Fla.... 

Key West, Fla 

Punta Rassa, Fla 



71.8 74.2 72.0 70.7 173.3 1 72.4 

71.8 72.6 73.0:64.7102.8 68.0 
7(i.!i h:5.2 70.8iS].S 79.5 7!».6) 

73.3 71.0 72.6 V 74.3 

,._ 70.7 07.1i71.3) 

!) (iO.3 70.2168.5 63.9 68.8 

1 78.7 78.9 77.2 72.2 176.8 1^72.7 

7 73.2 74.2 73.7 69.9172.7 



And further. "If we take the entire year, for a 
period of five years, we will lind but little difference 
in the mean relative hnmidity of Minnesota and Flori- 
da, as the following data, kindly furnished us by the 
Chief Signal Officer of the United States Army, will 
demonstrate." CPa^e 3.) 











MINNE.SOTA, 


FliOKIDA. 




•oi3 






® 


i ! 




YEARS 










^ 


M 1 
















> 


c« ' M ■ 










c 




^ 




Ph - 1^ 












1 


£ 

^ 



o 

1-5 








pr ct.| 










1875. 








75.7 i 07.2 
07.7 68 2 
72.2 1 71.9 
76.2 1 71.5 


69.0 
69.1 
07.6 
67.7 


70.3 
67.2 
69.3 
68 7 


76.0 

1 ^ 


71.5 


1876 


76.1 


1877 


74.1 


1878. 








72.4 i 74.5 


1879. 








74.1 1 72-8 


65.3 


09.7 


1 72.3 1 74.2 


Mea 


a for 5 


yc 


ars 


1 73.2 70.3 


_67J_ 


69.0 


73.0 74.2 


M'n 


for 5 y 


'rs 


for St's 


1 70.4 




72.1 



Dr. Ken worthy says — "Difference of opinion exists 
in the profession regarding the effects of climate in the 
treatment cf pulmonary and other diseases. It has 
been remarked that Doctors differ, and I am appre- 
hensive that the opposition manifested by some mem- 



1:^8 



POVERTY AND LOVF. 

\Vhat misfortune ! what a curse ! 
To be rich in heart j^et poor in purse; 
The tongue, the eye, may tell the tale, 
And all the heart's deep love unveil ; 
Yet, gold may all thy love outshine 
Ana tear from tliee what once was thine, 
"(Jause fashion says, on costly wine 
And rarest viands one should dine. 
Oh ! w'hat a heart must that one be 
That's 'twixt the navel and the knee. 
Rather would I be a toad 
And with a dungeon^g vapor load 
My stomach, than that man sliould have 
A corner in the thing I love. 



Impromptu of an actual occurrence on Bay street, 
hear Hogan, in 1877, witnessed by the writer. 

BULLDOZING IN JACKSONVILLP:, FLA. 

"Twas a morning in March, the hour was ten, 

And the streets were filled with the bravest men, 

When a baby quail appeared in sight, 

And tilled these braves with a terrible fright; 

While the cry rang out throughout the town. 

That the baby quail must be brought down 

From the top of the awning, whereon he stood 

Complacentl.y viewing theliuman brood 

Of Avhites and blacks, who seemed transfixed 

W^ith wonder or fear, or both these mixed. 

At length there came one sufficiently bold, 

Who, seeing a brickbat, of it took hold, 

And taking good aim, tvith eyes both closed, 

Let fly at the baby quail bulldozed. 

(The law's strong arm though present there 

In coat of brass and buttons blue, 

To save the bird's life did not dare 

Its batton to dra^v on the motley crew.) 

The quail, aflTrighted, looked about. 

Some friendly asylum to find out; 

But looked in vain, till the azure he spied. 

When quick as thovight to the sky he hied ; 

While the motley crew all stood aghast. 

That the baby quail escaped at last. 

J. L. E, 



139 



bers of the profession regarding the climatic advan- 
tages of Florida, is the sequence of ignorance, or the 
desire to laud a given section or locality for their per- 
sonal advantage." ^ 

"When invalids leave their Homes in a Northern or 
Western State and visit a Southern clime, tJiey expect 
to find perpetual spring, a climate made to order, 'a 
wonderful paradise, and cry out like naughty children 
when their delusion is exploded.' But a model climate 
does not exist, and no country is perfect in this 
respect." 

No tinsel about this method of argument. Nothing 
but the soundest sort of logic. 

"Dr. Brinton, of Philadelphia, has aptly, yet blunt- 
ly, presented this subject, and we shall quote his lan- 
guage" — • And here I must say, with all due defer- 
ence to the faculty, that the ignorance and carelessness 
of physicians in reference to this matter, are, at most, 
reprehensible. Few of them make any distinction in 
cases. They send all consumptives to Minnesota, or 
to Texas, or to Cuba, or to Florida, as if in every 
instance what is sauce for the goose is sauce for the 
gander. Thus it happens that the most eligible cli- 
mates gain a bad reputation. When a medical man 
recommends a climate, and j'^et is unable to tell its 
temperature, its moisture, its prevailing winds, its sea- 
sons, its local diseases, its articles of food, its accom- 
modations for travelers — beware of him — he is a dan- 
gerous counsellor. These facts the physician must 
know to advise wisely.' " 

I, perchance, may be permitted to say a few words 
here. The accommodations in Jacksonville, Fernan- 
dina, St. Augustine, Palatka, Sanford, and many 
minor points on the St. Johns River, present every de- 
sirable thing for the comfort and cure of the invalid. 
From personal experience, I feel justified in saying, 
the hotel tables— that is the better class— are furnished 
from the markets of the North, and are, by adding the 
luxuries of the State, unqualifiedly epicurean. Tlie 



[40 



patient who is suffering from a throat or lung disease, 
must assuredly be benefitted by a winter life in Flori- 
da, and if he makes his home here permanently, can 
soon tlM^ow phj^sic to the dogs, put on a new man, 
and enter upon a fresh lease of life, provided he 
properly cares for his health and avoids extremes and 
unreasonable exposures. Many who have suffered 
from consumption in the North and were reduced t :- 
shadoAvs, are now here, robust, healthy, attending to 
business and enjoying life, all of which is undoubtedly 
due to the curative climate of Florida. I am oldiged 
to admit Florida is the bridge that carried me over for 
many years past. A visit to London, England, in the 
winter of 1879, owing to the great climatic dilference 
between that locality and Florida, brought me a heavy 
cold, almost continual coughing, rheumatism and other 
troubles. I was reduced to a skeleton, from 120 to 78 
pounds, but have returned to the sunny clime and am 
recuperating as rapidly as the most sanguine might 
reasonably expect, and most sincerely regret that I 
cannot, in this little book, give the reader more from 
Dr. Keuworthy's work, except a few of the tabulated 
statistics. The work, however, I am informed, will 
soon be published and offered to the medical world and 
the general public at a nominal figure. It is undoubt- 
edl}^ ver}^ exhaustive, very creditable to the author, 
and should be read of everyone interested in the science 
of climatology. 

Physicians or others having personal vanities or 
interests to serve, and who are willing to use their 
knowledge and influence to the suppression of truth 
and the building up of fallacy, may find difficulty in 
making their opposition to Dr. Kenworthy agree with 
the following tables — 

In the United States irmy Reports of cases of 
phthisis for twenty years, 1840 to 1859, inclusive, is 
found, in New York harbor 5.6 per cent, while St. 
Augustine showed but 2.7 per cent for the same period. 

"As the thermometric ranee is a matter of great im- 



141 



portance in the causation and treatment of disease, 
more especially pulmonary affections, we will give the 
ranges for the cold months at a few points recommend- 
ed as winter resorts." 





> 

o 




1-5 


X3 



-in*? 



Atlantic City, N. J,. 



Augusta, Ga \ 4 

Minnesota, 3 Stations 4 

Florida, 3 Stations I 4 

Colorado, 2 Stations \A^2 

Los Anaelos. Cal I I 



4 I 45 



48 1 48 

51 

57 



48 I 50 

58 I 5S 



46 1 47 
49 



35 33 35 

72 I 58 i 66 
So 30 ' 35 



The comparative numher of rainy days duiing the 
five cold months, in Mentoue, St. Paul and Jackson- 
ville, shows very favorably for the latter. 

Jacksonville, November to March, inclusive, 37.4 
days for £ve years. Mentone, 37.48 days for eight 
years, and St. Paul, 42 days for one year. 

Dr. Jones states that "Florida, which has been so 
much vaunted as a sanitarium for invalids, sh yws a 
greater ratio of mortality to-day tha \ IMinnesota." 

To this, Dr. Ken worthy replies — "At the time 
this statement was written, figures were not available 
upon which to base such an opinion," and gives the 
following table for Florida. 

Mortality per 1,000 from all causes, 9.2. Mortality 
per 1,000 from consumption, including non-residents, 
0.60. Mortality per 1,000 from consumption, exclud- 
ing visitors who came to the State in the last and in- 
curable stage of this disease, 0.44. Mortahty per 1,000 
from all pulmonary diseases other than consumption, 
0.50. There was one death from consumpticu, includ- 
ing visitors, to 15-2 from all causes. There was one 
death from consumption among residents to 18.2 from 
all causes. (See page 78 Climatology of Florida.) 

The following soliloquy suggested itself to me £fter 
reading the book — 



U2 

Dr. H. R. Stout, 

Homeopathic Physician, 

Eesidence and Office, 41 Pine St., 

JACKSONVILLE, FLA. 

Office Hours — 11 a. m. to 12 m. 2 to 4 and 7 to 
8 p. m, 

JOSE A, HUAU, 

Manufacturer of 
GREEN STREET, 

KKY W^EST, FLORIDA. 

p. O. BOX 64. 

Tlie Sanford Orant, 

BELOW the LINE of INJURIOUS FROSTS 



Lands for Orange, Lenion, Lime and Pineapple culture; 
for Truck Gardening for Northern Markets; for Villa 
Sites on high-banked spring lakes; for sale to ACTUAL 
SETTLERS on long time and at reasonable prices. The 
Swedes undertake to plant and care for Orange proves 
for Northern owners. 

Improved property, orange groves, &c,, can be pur- 
chased on the Grant, including Groves just coming into 
bearing in the Swedes' Colony. 

TOWN LOTS IN SANFORD FOR SALE. 

Great inducements offered to manufacturing enter- 
prises in this rapidly growing town. Lots donated to 
them. Apply to JAMES E. INGRAHAM, Agt., 

Sanford, Orange County, Fla. 



143 



Poor Doctor Jones ! Dr. Kenworthy will grind up your 

bones; 
Your bones of contention, assertion, sans proof; 
Or else he'll grind those of your cranial roof. 
So, "while there is life, there is hope," take advice ; 
Retract such foul naughtiness, say something nice. 
Give Florida j«si what you know is her due, 
And truth-loving folks will the more value you. 

J. L. E. 



I cannot leave this subject without again earnestly- 
recommending a careful perusal of the Climatology of 
Florida, and an honest judgment between the doctors. 



METEOROLOGICAL RECORD FOR 1880. 

Furnished to John L. Edwards, of Jacksonville, Fla., 
for Edwards' Guide to East Florida, by authority of 
Brig. Gen. W. B. Hazen, Chief Signal Officer U. S. 
A., at Washington, D. C, through kindness of J. W. 
Smith, Esq., Observer of Signal Office at Jacksonville, 





Thermometeri j^ >» 


Wind. 


t. Rain- 
Inches, 
y Days, 


iVIonths. 




i 




11 




1^ 




/3 




w ^ <-< P U 


C3 o 


.« o 


:_; o 


2 C "^ 




'^ 


X 


"? ' S-^i^ 


> o 


X o 


a > 


--^ .:: 1 o 




© 


s. 


.S ScuCk ? ^3 


C3 m 




a ::^\ o 




§ 


§ 


;g \^> 'c: p^s> 


< <2' 3 


January 


62.11 77 


451 77,1 


NE 


21 


4374 


3.171 8 


February. ... 


61,3; 81 


42 69,4 


NE 


32 


4568 


6.17| 11 


March 


68.3| 86 


43! 63.7 


8W 


29 


5678 


1.69' 3 


April 


7L9 91 


42 6:5,0 


svv 


24 


45(J5 


1.501 5 


May .,.., 


78,9 95 


58 71.1 


NE 


24 


4314 


6.24 10 


June .,. 


8i.O 100.5 


m 66,9 


SW 


.36 


5704 


3.00 3 


July..., 


82.6 1 97 


70! 67,5 


SW 


28 


3630 


5.94 8 


August 


81,2' 96.5 


701 71.8 ' ST^ 


32 


4,S90 


8.961 (J 


.September,.. 


76,9 91 


62 73,0 


NE 


24 


4106 


5.21 10 


October 


69.01 86 


46! 73.2 


NE 


36 


5256 


16.25 13 


-November... 


61.5 82 


39 j 77.7 


N 


30 


4734 


6,09; 20 


December,... 


54,8 


78 


19' 64.0 


W 


32 


5514 


1.29 lU 



144 



From the Annual Report of the Surveyor Greneral of 
Florida. 

Amount of Timber cut and exported from the State 
during the past fiscal year. 

Ports. Coastwise, Foreign, 

Pensacola 2t),988,000 • 192,456,881 

Jacksonville 42,335,883' 4,444,3o(> 

Fernandina 2,5,711,000 8,902,000 

Apalachicola , 4,715,000 '186,000 

Cedar Keys and ether ports, 

estimated.. 15,000,000 

1J.7,749;885 206,379,234 

117,749,885' 

Total coastwise and foreign 324,129,119' 

LeROY D. ball, Surveyor General. 
The other exports are chiefly oranges, lemons straw- 
berries, vegetables, cotton, rosin, turpentine, Ac, 

FLORIDA STATE FAIR ASSOCIATION. 

The object of this Association is to encourage an 
intelUgent cultivation of llie soil by bringing together^ 
at stated intervals, all of the people who by labor or 
capital help to fructify the land throughout Florida, 
An honorable spirit of emulation as to w1k> can best 
work and best agree, has manifested itself and every 
year, except something ver^y uncommon befall, the pro- 
ducts of every section of the State are placed in com- 
petition. Tropical and semi-tFopical fruits and plants,, 
and flowers, are generally abundant^ which, in mid- 
winter, must be a wondemieiit to people from the- 
North. The exposition is held annually in February,, 
at the "State Fair Grounds," near Jasksoaville, where 
prizes in monej , medals and diplomas are awarded, 
and are eagerly sought for by exliibitors 

Since its orgaiization, the State Fair has" been very 
successful, and has brought about great improvements 
in both the quantity and quality of the products pecu- 
liar to Florida. This year's fair, how-ever, (1881) was' 
extremely exceptional, tlie terribly cold weather of the^ 
North, though tempered bj^ our genial and warm 
clime,, reduced the mercury at the Weather Office im 



145 

Jacksonville to 19 deg. Fahrenheit, an occurrence 
hitherto unequalled. The oraoge and other fruit crops 
were at the time being collected and forwarded to 
market, yet considerable loss was sustained as far 
south as Lake George, on the St. Johns. In conse- 
quence, the exhibition of th°s year was in the estima- 
tion of the people, an nnfortunate failure. Duval 
county showed someffine specimens of whit^ potatoes, 
tomatoes, turnips, parsnips, carrots, cassava and arro^r- 
root. Arnold Puetz, (the Florist of Hogan street^ 
Jacksonville,) made a decidedly fine display o_' plants, 
and, although there were no flowers on exhibition by 
him, he is entitled to great CTedit for his efforts to 
make the fair attractive. Mr. Bidwell also had a fine 
lot of ornamental plants on ex:hibition. Putnam coun- 
ty sent some fine oranges, and then to the re;-cue came 
the famous Orange county, the one saving feature of 
the fruit and vegetable show of the State. The "Bel- 
air" estate, just outside of Sanford, and the grounds of 
Mr. Geo. E. Su.wyer, of Sanford, presented the finest 
grades of oranges, lemons, citrons, cauliflowers, wiiite 
potatoes, turnips and other vegetables, and even pine- 
apples of a superior class, all of which were grown in 
the open air, and were untouched by the trost so de- 
structive in the less southerly portions of the State. 

There are few regrets expressed Iw the farmers who 
have participated in the loss. It is conjectured by 
them that a complete compensation will be found in 
next year's crop in quantity, and that the quality will 
everywhere be improved, in all of which they' have 
our great good will. 

THE AKT PEPARTMENT 

possessed very littb to interest the visitor. Were it 
not for the Ciiromos, Drawings and Prints exposed by 
Messrs. Ashmead P>r thers, a fine case of extra fine 
"Florida Curiosities," by Mr. L. L Stephens, some 
beautiful specimens of Shells and Shell Groupings, and 
the large case of "Curiosities" by Damon Greenleaf, 



U6 

its failure would have been complete. Even with 
all these, it is clear that art has an open field in Florida. 
Not a single picture of decided merit was exhibited 
except the photographic productions of Mr. Swift's 
camera. 

THE FLOEIDA FEtJIT GROWERS* ASSOCIATION 

is an organization also aiming at the diffusion of such 
knowledge as will enable planters and farmers to culti- 
vate profitably. From its by-laws, adopted in 1874, we 
clip the following — 

"article III. 

"Nothing shall be published as emanating from this 
Association unless by the special order of the Associa- 
tion, and under the direction of the President and 
Secretary." 

The Florida Agriculturist is a very valuable paper 
given to the interests of our fruit and food raisers. 

NEWSPAPERS. 

There are many ably edited sheets published in the 
State, among them, the "Floridian," of Tallahassee, 
(the State Capitol,) "Daily Union," Jacksonville, 
"Eastern Herald," Palatka, "South Florida Journal," 
Sanford, "Mirror," Fernandina, "Cedar Keys Jour- 
nal," Cedar Keys, and others, the titles of which do 
not occur to our mind, at Starke, Madison, Monticello, 
Pensacola, Tampa, Key West, &c. 

FERNANDINA, 

Latitude 30 deg., 42 min., 15 sec. north ; longitude 81 
deg., 26 min., 45 sec. west from Greenwich. This 
place is situated on Amelia Island, and has for its en- 
trance one of the finest natural harbors on the southern 
coast. The whole naval force of "Uncle Sam" might 
readily float within its protective arms and seem as but 
dots upon its bosom. There are several good hotels 
here. The "Egmont" is of very recent construction? 



147 



has all modern facilities, and is everyway first-class. 
Its distance from Jacksonville is, at present, by water, 
about 50 miles— by railway, some 65 miles. The latter 
distance will soon be reduced to about one-half by the 
opening of the Jacksonville and Fernandina Railroad, 
and the run made in about one hour. 

This is the point where Dominic de Gourgues landed 
in the summer of 1567, and from which, having gained 
the alliance of the Indians, he marched upon and de- 
stroyed the Spanish troops and forts at the mouth of 
St. Johns River, in retaliation of the terrible massacre 
of the Huguenots by the Spaniards under Menendez, 
in 1565, It has recently been exceedingly unfortunate, 
being almost swept by fire and by plague. From 
these it has bravely risen and now exhibits a plucky 
thrift that ensures its future prosperity. A fine view 
of the Atlantic may be had from "Old Town," or the 
magnificent beach on the east side of the island, which 
forms one of the finest drives in the world. 



ERRATA. 

Exclude the wora which, page 10, second line. 

OoKLAWAHA RivER distanccs, on page 93, furnished 
by Dr. Bouknight, of Palatka, should be preferred to 
those given on page 19. 

The word PROVE, on page 122, ninth line of "Cy-' 
press Isle," should read prone. 



148 



INDIAN RIVER LINE 




STEAMER VOLUSIA 

LeaAXS JacksoDville every Saturday at 3 p. 
m., for 

Sanford & Salt Lake 

AND 

WAf LANDINGS, 

CONNECTING AT SALT LAKE FOR 
INDIAN RIVER. 

STEAMER FOX FROiVI SANFORD F(JR ROCKLEDGE 

LANDING— FOR INDIAN RIVER— 

EVERY WE DNE>SDAY. 

Passengers by this Line have the privilege of stopping 
over at Sanford to visit the Orange Groves. 

4@=°For passage or freight apply on board or to 

Jacksonville, Fla. 



MALLORY'S 



NASSAD MAIL SleaisUp LINE, 




THE ONLY STEAMSHIP LINE TO 

NASSAU. 



Steamers leave PIER 20, EAST RIVER, NEW 
YORK Every Two Weeks, as per Schedule, railing 
at Fernandina, Fla. , for passengers only. The steam- 
ers also continue to Matanzas, Cuba, affording the 
tourist an opportunity to conil)ine 

FLOKIDA, NASSAU AND CUBA. 

This line offers facilities for reaching Nassau that 
have never before been equalled. 

For passage rates, schedules of sailing, etc., appl}' 
to LEVE & ALDEN, 

At Jacksonville, Fernandina and Savannah. 
C. H. MALLORY & CO., General Agents, 

Pier 20, East River, New York, 



Witliout Question 

—THE MOST— 

lTTll€f If 1 fLAm 

For Visitors to While Awuy an Hour, 

-I^SAT- 



—OF— 

PMEiM craiosifiis. 

Live Alligators, Rattlesnakes, and a great 

variet}^ of Animals, Birds, Reptiles, both 

alive and preserved; and to finish 

things, Mr. Greenleal' has the 

most complete stock of 

Florida Curiosities to be 

found in the State. 

All Goods Manufactured 

IN HIS OWN ESTABLISHMENT. 

Sea Beans and Alligator Teeth Mounted in 

Solid Gold and carved in every shape. 

Sleeve Buttons, Studs, Sets of 

Jewelrv,W;vtch Charms,(fec. 



_ 'Feathers in every variety. Walking- 
Canes of all kinds of Florida wood, carved 
and plain. FEATHER FLOWERS, SHELL 
AND FISH SCALE JEWELRY. 



X. 



nil --0 19^.2 



M^' LIBRARY OF CONGRESS 





014 498 9612 • 



